中国钒资源全生命周期动态物质流分析

 钒在钢铁、化工和航空航天等领域的广泛应用持续推动钒物质流动和供需格局的变化，特别是电池应用的商业化将影响未来能源转型及新能源存储领域的长期发展。为揭示中国钒物质流的变化和未来供需格局，构建了钒的全生命周期物质流分析框架，核算了2000-2019年中国钒的流量、存量和供需情况。研究显示：（1）中国是钒生产和消费大国，含钒钢铁、合金（钒铁合金）是金属钒的主要消费领域，消费占比稳定在85%以上，储能电池作为钒的前沿应用，占钒消费总量的比例也在不断增加；（2）2000-2019年中国是钒初级产品净进口国（5362 t），也是钒制品净出口国（8284 t），全钒液流电池处于出口状态，钒储能技术研究将迎来高峰；（3）2010-2019年钒在用存量增加了5倍，达到120万t，其中电池在用存量增加了24倍，钒开始向电池等新兴行业发展；（4）2000-2019年钒报废量为8.1万t，仅有1.8万t被回收（回收率为23%），提高钒的循环利用可以减少钒原矿资源的开采及其产生的环境影响。     

钒产业发展之我见

从钒的用途、钒资源、钒的提取、钒的主要产品和钒的消费等方面介绍了国内外钒产业的简况。分析了钒产业目前存在的主要问题和面临的挑战。提出了氧化钒的清洁、高效生产技术的发展对钒产业的可持续发展有重要的意义,它将是今后钒产业发展与壮大的关键所在;高级钒铝中间舍金产品发展是钒深加工的一个方向。     

河南省淅川西簧矿区钒矿床的地质特征及找矿标志

西簧钒矿位于河南省淅川县境内,大地构造隶属于淅川-内乡钒多金属矿带。矿床赋存地层为寒武系黑色岩系。矿床分为东西两段,由三个矿体组成,通过对矿区内钒矿地质特征以及找矿标志的研究可知,西簧钒矿床的成因类型属潮坪泻湖相沉积石煤（或炭质页岩）型钒矿床,西簧钒矿钒的典型地层标志为水沟口组中下段炭质页岩、石煤层以此为例,对于探寻相同类型的钒矿起到了一定的指导作用。     

Keggin结构和Dawson结构磷钼酸及磷钼钒酸的氧化还原特性

以硫酸为支持电解质, 在水-1,4-二氧六环混合溶剂中, 用循环伏安法研究了自制 的两个系列Keggin结构和Dawson结构的10种杂多酸的氧化还原特性, 分析了钼和钒的氧化 还原能力和可逆性, 讨论了不同钒含量对磷钼钒酸的氧化还原性的影响. 结果表明, Daws on结构的磷钼酸氧化性强于Keggin结构的磷钼酸; 不论是Keggin结构还是Dawson结构的磷 钼钒酸, 随着钒含量的增加, 钒和钼的氧化还原可逆性都越来越差, 为Dawson结构磷钼 酸和磷钼钒酸的鉴定提供了有效证据.     

渗钒层中合金元素富集区的显微分析

本文记述用扫描电镜、能谱仪和显微硬度计检测了四种钢的渗钒层,发现在渗钒层与过渡区之间存在一个厚度为1.5μm左右的合金元素富集区,此区的元素可分为二类:一类为基体中所含有的元素,另一类为渗钒盐浴中所含有的元素,前者阻碍渗钒过程的进行,后者降低了渗钒层与基体结合的牢固性.     

钒渣钙化焙烧的影响因素及焙烧氧化动力学

采用钙化焙烧方式处理转炉钒渣以提高钒的浸出率,考察了焙烧参数(渣样粒度,升温速率,焙烧保温温度及保温时间,配钙量)对钒浸出率的影响,根据钒渣氧化的TG-DSC曲线对钒渣氧化变温动力学进行了分析.结果表明:降低升温速率可提高钒氧化率,保温温度高于600℃时钒浸出率迅速增加.在钒渣粒径48~75μm,外配钙m(CaO)/m(V2O5)为042,升温速率2℃·min-1,保温温度850℃,保温时间150min的条件下,钒浸出率达9331%.钒尖晶石氧化过程受三级化学反应控制,升温速率为5和10℃·min-1的表观活化能分别为26765,25603kJ·mol-1.     

不同钙化剂对高钒渣酸浸提钒的影响

针对传统钒渣钠化焙烧-水浸提钒工艺的不足,确定对钒渣钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒进行研究。在理论分析的基础上,本研究以高钒渣为原料,研究了钙化焙烧-酸浸提钒过程中3种钙化剂(CaSO4、CaCO3、CaO)的焙烧机理以及对提钒效果的影响。研究结果表明:钒浸出率随焙烧温度的升高先增大后减小,且在1 450K时达到最大值;钙化剂配比为100%CaSO4时提钒率最大;在目前实验室研究条件下,钒的浸出率最大可达93.53%。     

重庆市秀山县鱼泉矿区钒钼矿发现过程

钒钼矿为我市新发现的矿种类型,本文阐述了通过对地质环境的研究与前期的勘察工作来分析了秀山县鱼泉矿区钒钼矿发现过程,并对今后钒矿勘查工作提出了建议。     

微生物燃料电池修复钒污染地下水的响应曲面优化研究

使用响应曲面法, 对单室微生物燃料电池去除五价钒的运行条件进行分析和优化。采用乙酸钠作为单室微生物燃料电池的碳源, 探讨钒初始浓度、COD初始浓度和电解液电导率对五价钒去除率的影响, 三因素三水平的响应曲面分析结果表明, 五价钒初始浓度对五价钒去除率的影响最显著, 其次为 COD 初始浓度, 最后是电解液电导率。利用响应曲面法得到最优实验条件: 五价钒初始浓度为75.44 mg/L, COD初始浓度为1007.48 mg/L, 电导率为11.98 mS/cm, 此时可获得五价钒的最大理论去除率80.31%。验证实验的结果证实了该优化方法的可靠性。研究成果可以促进微生物燃料电池技术在治理钒污染地下水领域的实际应用。     

提钒尾渣中微量镓的分析方法研究进展及展望

目前还没有国家标准分析方法测定提钒尾渣中的镓,本文根据近些年来提钒尾渣镓分析方法的研究进展及提钒尾渣的成分特点,展望了提钒尾渣中镓的分析方法及其优缺点,以期为今后镓的测定提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.