固定化乙酰胆碱脂酶的研究

以戊二醛为交联剂,将乙酰胆碱脂酶交联固定到硅胶载体上,研究了影响固定化酶的主要因素．通过酶活力的测定,确定了最佳戊二醛浓度、pH值、固定化时间、酶用量、固定化酶的最适作用温度、pH值、酶的稳定性及其回收率．结果表明：戊二醛浓度为0．5％,pH值为8．0,固定3．0h,酶与载体比例为30mg／g可制备良好的功能化载体．固定化乙酰胆碱脂酶最适作用温度和pH范围分别为40℃和6．0～9．0．重复使用10次固定化酶,回收率约为70％．     

聚乙烯醇-海藻酸钠共固定化葡萄糖氧化酶和过氧化氢酶

酶的固定化是提高酶的稳定及降低使用成本的重要途径．通过制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)-海藻酸钠(SA)复合载体,对共固定化葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的条件进行了研究,优化了固定化酶制备工艺,研究了固定化酶性质．得出制备固定化酶最佳条件为：载体比例 PVA∶SA＝9．0∶1．5,加酶量10 mg/mL,酶活之比CAT∶GOD＝10∶1．固定化酶的最适反应温度为45℃,比游离酶提高了5℃,最适反应pH 没有发生变化,连续使用6次酶活保留60％．研究结果有一定的应用潜力．     

四氧化三铁吸附包埋固定辣根过氧化物酶及其应用

建立了Fe₃O₄吸附包埋固定辣根过氧化物酶,并与明胶、开孔明胶、海藻酸钠3种不同的固定化方法载体进行了比较,发现该固定化方法具有较高的固定效率。对固定化酶与自由酶的稳定性进行了比较,发现Fe₃O₄吸附包埋固定化HRP的稳定性高于其他固定化HRP和自由酶。此外,测定了不同戊二醛浓度、交联时间、给酶量、Fe₃O₄使用量及明胶浓度对 辣根过氧化物酶固定效果的影响。结果表明,固定化反应的最佳条件如下：最佳给酶量与Fe₃O₄用量比例约为95u HRP/g Fe₃O₄,最佳Fe₃O₄用量与凝胶比例为1.0g Fe₃O₄/10mL 10％～20％,最适戊二醛浓度和交联时间分别为0.5％和30min。在此条件下制备的辣根过氧化物酶 活性约为1.1u/g,酶活固定率约为15％。该固定化酶重复应用于PCP催化去除反应,可获得稳定的PCP去除率。     

聚多巴胺辅助磁微球固定β-葡萄糖苷酶的制备与应用

通过溶剂热法和改进的St?ber水解法制备了Fe_3O_4@SiO_2磁性纳米粒子,并用透射电镜对纳米粒子进行了表征.采用聚多巴胺辅助法将β-葡萄糖苷酶固定在磁性纳米粒子上.具体考察了加酶量、多巴胺质量浓度和固定化时间等因素对酶活和酶固定率的影响规律,获得了β-葡萄糖苷酶固定化的最适条件.结果表明,当加酶量为50,U/g、多巴胺质量浓度为1.6,mg/m L、固定化为24,h时,所制备的固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶活力为25.01,U/g,明显优于传统戊二醛交联固定的β-葡萄糖苷酶活力.     

棉纤维膜上高碘酸钠法固定化脂肪酶

研究了棉纤维膜上高碘酸钠法固定化脂肪酶的工艺条件,并考察了固定化脂肪酶的温度、酸度以及间歇操作稳定性。通过实验给出了固定化酶的最佳条件：NaIO4浓度为0．2mol/L,交联时间24h,pH值为9左右,酶的质量浓度6．0g/L,固定化酶最在活力7．38U/cm^2。该固定化酶最适应的温度为35℃,pH＝8．0,t1/2=168h。     

陶瓷-壳聚糖复合材料固定真菌漆酶

以陶瓷为第一载体,壳聚糖为二次载体,戊二醛为交联剂,采用共价结合和吸附联用法制备固定化漆酶。考察了漆酶固定化的影响因素,并对固定化漆酶的性质进行了研究。结果表明,漆酶固定化的适宜条件为0.15g壳聚糖-陶瓷复合载体,加入3mL 1.25?mg/mL漆酶磷酸盐缓冲溶液（0.1mol/L, pH4.0）,在4℃固定24h。酶的固定化效率是51.0%,固定化酶的酶活是55.87U/g,最适pH为3.0,最适温度分别为25℃和50℃。该固定化酶具有良好的贮存和操作稳定性。在pH3.0,温度25℃时,固定化酶对2,2-连氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐的表观米氏常数为66.64μmol/L。     

壳聚糖固定化云芝漆酶的制备及特性

以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联剂制备固定化漆酶,测定了不同戊二醛浓度、交联时间、给酶量以及固定化时间对固定化漆酶活性的影响。结果表明,固定化反应的最佳条件为戊二醛浓度5%,交联时间8h,给酶量20mg/g载体,固定化时间6h,在此条件下制备的固定化漆酶酶活性保持率为52.2%。此固定化漆酶具有最大活性时的溶液pH值在4.5,相比于自由漆酶的最佳pH值5.0,其向酸性偏移;与自由漆酶相比,固定化酶有很好的稳定性和可重复使用性。     

固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究及其应用

从8种载体材料中选取自制的氨基含量约2．878mmol/g的甲壳质作为固定化载体,采用吸附交联法,以戊二醛为交联剂,对木瓜蛋白酶进行固定化。17．5mg/g的固定化酶／载体比较,pH6.5,5℃下,先吸附10min,再以0．7％的戊二醛终浓度交联12h,所得固定化酶酶活回收可达52．0％,酶活力为3．54U／g。固定化酶在65℃以下,溶液酶在55℃以下稳定;固定化酶在pH7.0以下稳定,溶液酶在pH6.0以下稳定;5℃条件下,固定化酶贮藏半衰期为183d;以酪蛋白为底物,固定化酶的操作半衰期可达27d。用固定化酶水解甲壳胺,产物分子量小于10 000的甲壳胺低聚糖得率约为45．55％。     

静电纺PA6/PVA纳米纤维及其纤维素酶的固定研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备PA6/PVA纳米纤维.通过环氧氯丙烷法活化羟基,将纤维素酶固定于PA6/PVA纳米纤维上.考察固定化纤维素酶和自由纤维素酶的酶活,研究固定化纤维素酶的酶学性质.结果表明:自由酶的最适反应温度为55℃,而固定化酶的最适反应温度为65℃,比自由酶的提高了10℃;与自由酶相比,固定化酶的活性随pH值的变化曲线明显变宽,热稳定性显著增强;固定化纤维素酶在4℃下能长时间保持较高的活力.     

乳酸脱氢酶在CTAB-戊醇反胶束体系中的催化动力学研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CATB）-异辛烷-戊醇反胶束体系对乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）了固定化,探讨了体系含水量W0（W0=n（水）/n（CTAB）、CTAB浓度、戊醇体积比对LDH固定化的影响及游离酶和固定酶的催化动力学性质.结果表明：LDH进入反胶束的最佳条件是：体系含水量为4.3,CTAB浓度为0.24 mol/L,戊醇体积比为25%.对游离酶和固定化酶的酶促反应的最适pH值均为8.8,最适反应温度分别为52℃和30℃,米氏常数Km分别为65mmol/L和48mmol/L.在25℃时,游离酶存放2 h后失活35%,而固定化酶仅失活16%,说明反胶束固定化LDH具有良好的活力稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.