铁路桥梁桥墩混凝土水化热仿真分析研究

本文对铁路桥梁桥墩大体积混凝土浇筑过程水化热温度场进行了数值仿真分析,重点研究了桥墩施工过程中的水化热温度场及桥墩混凝土应力分布情况,结合桥墩混凝土施工工艺对桥墩混凝土的浇筑进行有效的控制,避免由于温度应力引起桥墩裂缝,为该类结构的施工提供参考依据。     

空心薄壁墩水化热温度效应研究

采用热-结构耦合分析的方法对水化热引起的空心薄壁墩的温度效应进行分析,计算中考虑了混凝土弹性模量随龄期的变化.利用ANSYS软件模拟178m高墩施工进程中的水化热温度效应,得到空心墩墩底实体段、墩身、以及节段接缝处的温度和应力随时间的变化规律,结果表明与一般大体积混凝土的温度效应不同,空心薄壁混凝土结构由于水化热引起的温度升高不超过40℃,但温度应力比较大,最大温度应力达到6MPa,值得设计施工人员认真对待.     

异形大体积混凝土水化热研究及仿真分析

为了研究异形大体积混凝土在施工过程中的温度及应力变化规律,同时验证防止异形混凝土结构开裂的设计合理性。以龙游县景观云桥某异形大体积混凝土桥墩为工程背景,通过是否考虑冷却管对结构水化热的影响,利用大型有限元软件分别建立有限元模型进行仿真分析,研究结构内部温度沿厚度方向的时变规律,并对有无冷却管的结构温度场及应力场进行对比分析。结果表明:在浇筑过程中,结构中心部位温度先升后降,且伴随混凝土龄期的发展,混凝土内部高温区域逐渐缩小,且由起始浇筑中心位置逐渐沿厚度方向向下移动。结构早期应力由内外温差引起,且集中于外表面。异形桥墩内部温度场与常规形状桥墩分布变化规律基本相同,并且内部温度略低于后者。通过布置冷却管,能有效降低结构水化热,减小温度应力,有效控制表面温度裂缝的产生。     

预应力混凝土梁桥温度效应分析

温度效应是引起混凝土桥梁裂缝产生的重要因素之一。为研究不同工况下混凝土梁桥的温度效应,通过有限元软件ADINA对梁体在浇筑水化热、日照温差两种工况下的温度场进行模拟,结合某预应力混凝土梁桥实桥跟踪试验温度实测值进行对比分析,并计算出温度应力对结构的影响。结果表明:有限元计算结果与现场实测结果较为一致。混凝土T梁浇筑时,水化热温度先剧烈上升,约7～9 h达到峰值,峰值温度约60℃,然后快速下降趋于平稳,早期水化热应力小于混凝土早期抗拉强度;采用《公路桥涵设计通用规范》中温度梯度计算日照温差应力分布规律与实测值基本一致,腹板处温度应力值比较大,对结构有不利影响。     

大体积混凝土水化热危害的防治对策

大体积混凝土施工时,水泥在水化过程中产生大量的热量引起混凝土内外温差,造成巨大的温度应力和温度变形,使混凝土结构产生裂缝和变形,严重时甚至破坏整个结构。解决或控制水化热危害,已是多年来专家学者和工程技术人员研究的课题,文章结合多年施工中的经验,在大量的文献资料基础上,归纳出一套对水化热危害的防治方法和对策。     

高速铁路T构桥墩顶块水化热效应控制和浇筑方案优化

T构桥墩顶块具有混凝土体积大、应力状态复杂等特点,有效控制混凝土浇筑时的水化热效应是保障全桥工程质量的关键。依托渝黔高铁石梁河特大桥主桥墩顶块混凝土施工,采用数值仿真和现场监测的方法,研究一次性浇筑方案的可行性,对比不同措施对混凝土水化热效应的控制效果,提出墩顶块混凝土浇筑优化方案并应用于实桥施工。提出石梁河大桥墩顶块优化浇筑方案。研究结果表明：原定一次性浇筑方案由于混凝土浇筑体积过大、所采取的降温散热措施很少,导致混凝土水化热温度峰值、最大内表温差和名义拉应力均大幅超出规范限值,不具可行性;分层浇筑、埋设冷却水管是缓解混凝土整体水化热效应的关键措施,调整混凝土入模温度是控制水化热温度峰值和内表温差的重要措施;表面热交换系数与混凝土养护覆盖措施密切相关,对混凝土内表温差有显著影响;所提出的石梁河大桥墩顶块优化浇筑方案为分两层浇筑+底板埋设冷却水管+混凝土入模温度调整至15℃+混凝土表面采用6 mm厚钢板+2 cm厚聚乙烯泡沫覆盖,采用该方案进行现场施工,实测混凝土水化热温度峰值为58℃,最大内表温差22.74℃,最大表面名义拉应力为1.76 MPa,均小于规范限值,说明混凝土水化热效应...     

混凝土箱梁水化热温度徐变应变分析

针对桥梁设计中混凝土箱梁水化热温度应变难以精确分析的现象,基于预制梁场混凝土箱梁水化热温度应变现场试验,采用初应变增量有限元法建立混凝土箱梁水化热温度应变的弹性徐变理论隐式解法数值模型,分析实测水化热应变、温度徐变应变及温度弹性应变三者之间的差异,研究混凝土箱梁水化热温度应变受徐变影响的规律。研究结果表明:拆模后箱梁顶板、底板水化热温度应变均为压应变且算术平均值基本一致;混凝土箱梁顶板水化热温度应变变化速率略小于底板水化热温度应变变化速率;徐变对混凝土箱梁水化热温度应力应变影响非常大,实际应变仅约为温度弹性应变的一半,因此,早龄期混凝土结构温度弹性应力减半更符合实际情况;混凝土箱梁水化热温度应变实测数据略大于温度徐变应变计算值,说明本文数值模型可准确有效模拟箱梁水化热温度应变真实状态、有助于桥梁分析设计。     

混凝土桥墩非结构裂纹成因及受力特性分析

桥梁墩身开裂普遍存在,其开裂程度对结构承载力及耐久性的影响对保证桥梁的使用寿命和运营的安全非常重要。控制大体积混凝土桥墩早-中期裂纹尤其重要。通过研究桥梁混凝土墩身早-中期非结构性裂缝的成因及其对受力的影响分析,提出了在目前施工技术水平下,桥墩非结构性裂纹主要是由温度变化,混凝土收缩及后期的养护不利引起的,设计对构造约束认识不足导致的设计缺陷也是混凝土开裂的原因之一。对存在典型竖向裂纹的高大桥墩受力特性进行了分析,揭示了裂纹的存在会导致混凝土局部拉应力集中,使得裂纹继续扩展。对桥墩中-早期出现的裂纹,应及时分析原因进行修补,以保证结构的正常及安全使用。     

大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制的实例

大体积混凝土结构施工中,由于水泥水化热引起混凝土浇注内部温度和温度应力剧烈变化,由此而产生的温度应力是导致混凝土产生裂缝的主要原因.文章针对工程实例,对大体积混凝土裂缝的产生原因进行分析,并通过理论计算以及从设计材料和施工等方面提出了一套优化的温控方案,在工程中取得了较好的效果.     

大体积混凝土裂缝控制施工措施——以金水沟特大桥群桩基础承台工程为例

大体积混凝土结构施工中,由于水泥水化热引起混凝土浇注内部温度和温度应力剧烈变化,由此而产生的温度应力是导致混凝土产生裂缝的主要原因。本文以金水沟特大桥为例针对裂缝成因对大体积混凝土温度裂缝控制的施工措施进行了讨论及分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.