基于pinball损失的一对一加权孪生支持向量机

孪生支持向量机通过求解2个较小二次规划问题得到一对非平行超平面,从时间和准确率方面提高了分类器的性能.由于此方法使用Hinge损失函数,造成孪生支持向量机对噪声较为敏感以及重采样的不稳定.为此,针对多分类问题,将pinball损失函数与样本权重引入到孪生支持向量机中,采用一对一方法组合二分类器,提出了基于pinball损失的一对一加权孪生支持向量机,较好地解决了孪生支持向量机对噪声的敏感性以及重采样的不稳定性.另外,对于样本的不同影响,给出了多种求取样本权重的方法.实验中选取标准数据集和人工合成数据集对提出的算法进行了验证,并与一对一孪生支持向量机(OVO-TWSVM)、一对多孪生支持向量机(OVA-TWSVM)以及基于pinball损失的一对一加权孪生支持向量机(Pin-OVO-TWSVM)进行了比较,表明了提出方法的有效性.     

基于改进的支持向量机的手写体汉字识别

逐次超松弛迭代法算法是一种具体的SVM算法,在SOR算法中松弛因子采取固定数值时,在许多情况下收敛速度较慢。文中提出通过引入具有＂先验知识＂的神经网络,对逐次超松弛迭代法中的松弛因子进行控制,以提高逐次超松弛迭代法的收敛速度。实验结果表明,该模型实现的逐次超松弛迭代法能够提高其收敛速度。在手写体汉字的识别实验中,该改进算法可以减少支持向量机的训练时间。     

基于TWSVM的图像分类

图像分类技术是图像数据处理中最重要的技术之一.支持向量机是基于统计学习理论而提出的机器学习算法,在样本数少的时候能达到很好的分类效果.孪生支持向量机是基于支持向量机而提出来的,其性能优于支持向量机.通过提取彩色图像的颜色特征与纹理特征,利用孪生支持向量机与支持向量机对这些特征向量进行分类,孪生支持向量机的分类准确率与稳定性都高于支持向量机.     

K均值聚类和孪生支持向量机相结合的高光谱图像半监督分类

为解决高光谱数据维度高、波段之间相关性强、获取大量监督信息费时费力的问题,对高光谱图像的分类进行研究。半监督分类方法是基于传统的机器学习的一种分类方法,它可以利用少量带标签的监督信息和大量无监督信息解决获取大量监督信息问题。将分类精度高、分类时间长的孪生支持向量机分类方法与迭代速度快、收敛速度快的的K均值聚类方法结合,可以在基本不改变分类精度的前提下,大幅度缩减孪生支持向量机分类的样本数量,从而降低分类时计算的复杂度,缩短计算时间,最终缩短整个分类过程所需要时间,提高分类效率。     

基于模糊支持向量机的变压器故障诊断

针对支持向量机对训练样本内的噪声和孤立点比较敏感,影响了支持向量机分类性能的弱点,利用模糊支持向量机的学习方法,构建了变压器故障诊断模型.采取一种基于二叉树的多分类方法,使用模糊C均值聚类算法求取模糊支持向量机的模糊隶属度,采用径向基核函数,并利用遗传算法对模糊支持向量机的参数进行寻优.实验结果表明,基于二叉数的模糊支持向量机模型相比BP神经网络、支持向量机有更高的诊断准确率,基于二叉树模糊支持向量机的变压器故障诊断方法是可行的.     

低阶数据映射和特征加权的线性SVM

针对传统线性支持向量机在训练数据集时均等对待每一维输入特征,以及在原始空间直接分类造成预测准确率低的问题,提出低阶多项式数据映射和特征加权相结合的方法,来提高线性支持向量机的分类性能。该方法首先将每个样本映射到多项式核对应的2 阶显式特征空间,从而增加样本的隐性信息,然后使用模糊熵特征加权算法计算每一维特征的权重,通过权重衡量特征对分类结果的贡献大小。从不同数据库选取7个数据集进行测试,在训练时间和预测准确率2个方面将该方法与核支持向量机、线性支持向量机的其他改进算法进行比较。结果显示,随着数据集规模的扩大,训练时间降低一个数量级,预测准确率在一些数据集上取得与核支持向量机相接近的效果。结果表明：所提方法可以有效提高线性支持向量机的整体性能。     

基于鲁棒局部嵌入的孪生支持向量机

针对已有非平行超平面支持向量机(NHSVM)分类方法仅考虑训练样本的全局信息却忽视训练样本之间局部几何结构的问题,将鲁棒局部线性嵌入(ARLE)方法的基本思想引入NHSVM中,提出一种基于鲁棒局部嵌入的孪生支持向量机(ARLEBTSVM)。该方法不但继承NHSVM方法具有的异或(XOR)问题处理能力;而且可以很好地保持训练样本空间的局部信息,同时通过考虑样本的全局分布来自动抑制野值样本点对嵌入的影响,从而在一定程度上提高分类算法的泛化性能。为了更好地处理非线性分类问题,通过核映射方法构造非线性ARLEBTSVM。在人造数据集和真实数据集上进行实验,结果表明ARLEBTSVM方法具有更好的分类性能。     

基于灰狼优化算法的孪生支持向量回归机

为了解决孪生支持向量回归机的参数寻优问题,提出了一种基于灰狼优化算法的孪生支持向量回归机。该算法将均方根误差和平均绝对误差作为灰狼优化算法的适应度函数,借助灰狼优化算法的全局寻优能力,以目标范围内生成狼群的位置代表不同的孪生支持向量回归机参数取值,通过有限次数迭代和灰狼优化算法的位置更新机制得到孪生支持向量回归机的最优参数。实验结果表明,该算法能够找到合适的参数;与现有算法相比,该算法的预测性能更佳,寻优时间显著缩短。     

模糊双超球学习机

受双支持向量机启发,提出模糊双超球学习机FTHLM。该方法试图为每类样本构造一个超球模型,通过构造一对超球模型将两类分类。模糊隶属度函数的引入有效地降低了奇异点和噪声点对分类结果的影响,从而保证FTHLM具有较高的分类效率。在UCI标准数据集上与支持向量机、双支持向量机的比较实验表明,所提FTHLM具有更优的分类能力。     

模糊支持向量机中隶属度确定的新方法

针对目前模糊支持向量机方法中,一般使用样本与类中心之间的距离关系构建隶属度函数的不足,提出一种改进的隶属度确定方法.该方法不仅考虑样本与类中心之间的关系,还考虑样本之间的关系根据样本的类中心与传统支持向量机构造的分类面构建2个超球,由样本点与超球的位置关系计算其隶属度,能够有效地区分样本点、噪音点以及孤立点.通过文本分类实验表明,与其他两种隶属度函数方法相比,基于双超球的模糊支持向量机方法可以更有效地将文本训练集中的噪音剔除,具有较好的分类性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-