完全无闭锁厚薄板通用弯曲三角形单元

文章提出了将已有的薄板三角形单元扩展为无剪切闭锁现象的厚薄板通用单元的一般方法。对于薄板极限情况，这种厚薄板通用单元自动退化为原有的薄板单元，完全无剪切闭锁现象发生。应用此法构造的的厚薄板通用三角形单元LFT1自由度少，推导简明并具有通用性，能够通过分片检验。数值算例表明单元LFT1对薄板和厚板都具有较高的精度，适用于实际工程计算。     

将三角形薄板元推广为厚板元的解析试函数法

为了有效克服剪切闭锁问题,利用已有的薄板单元构造厚薄板通用单元,提出了采用解析试函数法(ATF),将已有的Kirchhoff三角形薄板单元推广为相应的Mindlin三角形厚板单元的通用方法。以薄板三角形单元GPL-T9为例,将薄板GPL-T9单元推广为相应的厚薄板通用单元GPLM。数值算例表明:当板厚度趋向于零时,板单元退化为原始的薄板单元,完全消除了剪切闭锁现象;从薄板到厚板,GPLM元都具有较高的计算精度和优异的单元性能。     

无剪切闭锁的厚薄板矩形单元的构造

在板弯曲的有限元计算中 ,因为剪切闭锁现象导致厚板元无法自动退化为薄板元 ,工程中很难构造既适用于厚板又适用于薄板的计算单元 ,因此采用由龙驭球教授提出的广义协调元法 ,构造了矩形厚薄板弯曲通用计算单元 .通过铁木辛柯梁理论 ,建立了板单元边界和板单元内部的位移插值场函数 .计算结果表明该单元可顺利解决剪切闭锁现象 ,可在实际工程中推广应用     

含剪切自由度的厚薄通用三角形层合板单元

基于一阶剪切变形理论（FSDT）,构造了一种新型的消除剪切闭锁的三角形层合板单元,简记为CDST-S6单元。该单元剪应变场及单元转角场由结点包含有两个剪切自由度的DST-S6单元理论确定,不需要借助减缩积分、假设应力或应变等辅助数学手段,也不会产生对稳定性带来影响的附加零能模式,较好地解决了厚薄板单元的剪切闭锁难题,且其公式推导过程和最终的表达式比目前能考虑剪切变形的绝大多数层合板单元更为简单,可方便地进行有限元数值求解分析。数值算例表明,CDST-S6单元有较高的精度和收敛性,是一种厚薄通用的优质层合板单元。     

厚板低阶广义协调矩形元

采用常内力状态下的广义协调条件，将剪切变量用结点挠度和转角表示，导出一个具有１２个自由度的厚板、薄板都通用的矩形弯曲单元。此单元的自由度少，精度高，能通过分片检验，不出现剪切闭锁现象，具有位移型单元简便实用的优点。     

基于新样条基函数的弹塑性厚/薄板子域分析

为了建立通用弹塑性的厚/薄板样条子域,通过位移参数法,从位移场人手,以位移作为独立变量,并且运用样条有限点法进行理论推导构造了一组新的样条基函数.结果显示:该样条子域分析厚薄板时不存在剪切闭锁现象,该新子域具有计算精度高、收敛性好、厚薄通用、编程简便等特点.所以基于新样条基函数构造的样条子域是一种有效、可靠的厚/薄板样...     

基于新样条基函数的通用弹性厚/薄板样条子域的研究

本文利用位移参数法构造了一组新的样条基函数,并从位移场人手,以位移作为独立变量,利用样条有限点法建立了通用弹性的厚/薄板样条子域.通过理论推导验证了该样条子域分析厚薄板时不存在剪切闭锁现象,并由算例可以看出,该新子域具有计算精度高、收敛性好、厚薄通用、编程简便等特点,是一种有效的、可靠的厚/薄板样条子域,可以满足工程中板分析的精度要求.     

一种新的样条基函数的构造及其应用研究

样条函数是一种广泛应用于求解力学问题的数学函数。为了应用样条函数进行结构分析,需要构造一组样条基函数。本文用位移参数法构造了一组新的样条基函数φi（x）,并利用该样条基函数建立了三角形厚薄板的位移函数。用该函数就可以建立三角形厚薄板样条子域。算例分析表明：用新构造的样条基函数所建立的样条子域,计算精度高,能方便地处理边界条件,具有厚薄板通用性,且没有剪切闭锁现象。     

构造Mindlin板元的内部剪切应变法

本文研究了Ｍｉｎｄｌｉｎ板弯曲单元用于薄板计算时可能出现的剪切自锁现象，提出引入单元内部自由度来克服自锁的建议．利用本文的内部剪切应变法可以有针对性地释放被锁住的任何自由度，方便地构造出通用于厚薄板的非协调板弯曲元     

Ferguson曲面构造广义协调板单元

根据广义协调原理，利用Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ曲面构造出薄板弯曲单元，将中厚板视为双向深梁，由Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ深梁理论求出单元边界拟合函数，从而将Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ曲面推广到中厚度板．所得单元模型在厚长比小于１／４时能给出较满意的数值结果，且不出现剪切闭锁现象．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-