声点源散射三维物形的全孔径和有限孔径近场重构问题

研究了仅从声点源散射场在有限个测量点的近场信息,再现三维障碍物形状的反问题,,基于将散射场在有限下测量点处的近场信息作加权合成的思想,提出了这类反问题的一个非线性最优化求解方法,基于全孔径和有限孔径近场数据的数值结果表明,在波数较小的情况下,这一方法既有效又实用。     

三维有限孔径逆声散射问题的数值解

从声散射场远场分布的信息来再现三维障碍物形状反问题的数值解,提出了求解这类非线性且不适定反问题的一种非线性最优化方法,该方法的主要特点是只需声散射场的远场分布在某个有限孔径中若干个入射和观测方向上的远场信息。数值结果表明,对较小的波数,即使只用在较小的入射和观测范围中的远场测量信息,得到三维障碍物的一个合理的重构也是可能的。     

海洋波导中三维目标的快速声学成像

研究了用声点源入射波所获得的近场散射数据来成像海洋波导环境中三维未知目标的反问题．发展了一种指示器样本快速成像方法,即不需要预先知道未知目标的声学特性就能非常快速成像．数值试验表明：该方法对成像海洋波导中三维目标是有效的,即使在有限孔径的测量方式和具有噪声散射场测量数据的情况,也能够得到未知目标的一个理想成像,而且还表明了海洋波导边界的多重反射效应对成像效果具有一定的正面影响．     

平板目标近场散射的缩比特性

用物理光学法研究导电平板目标近场散射特性，为了提高计算效率，中采用了卷积积分法，通过计算机的模拟发现，当特征尺寸，入射波长及观察点离目标的距离改变时，其散射场存在一定的换算关系，散射场出现近似的或严格的相似性。     

电磁逆散射中线性抽样法的快速计算

电磁逆散射通过测量目标体产生的散射场或其远场模式重建目标体. 该问题作为一类典型逆问题具有重要的理论研究价值,同时它在工程技术领域也具有重要的应用价值. 线性抽样法,作为解决电磁逆散射问题的方法之一,通过线性积分方程降低了电磁逆散射问题的病态性与非线性对问题求解的影响. 但是,线性抽样法传统的实现过程需要全空间或全平面的入射/散射场信息和成像区域,三维目标体的重建过程需要较长时间. 为了降低线性抽样法的计算代价,本文提出了两种快速计算方法, 分别是重建三维目标体的二维投影图和利用自适应边缘检测方法重建二维     

栅的散射场研究

针对无限长金属圆柱所组成的栅对声波散射形成的散射场问题,在理论分析的基础上,对列出的散射方程编制了计算程序,又以栅的近场散射场为例作了计算,得到了散射场的若干规律。     

非入射方向有限长弹性柱声散射特性研究

给出了水中有限长弹性目标声散射问题的求解方法，假设有限长柱为具有同样半径无限长柱的一部分，通过一定近似，推导出了双基地条件下有限长弹性柱声散射的波形函数，并与Stanton的柱方法进行比较，验证了该方法的正确性，通过数值仿真实验，给出了声波斜入射时有限长弹性柱目标强度随频率变化的关系曲线，为双基地声呐目标声散特性的研究提供了理论依据。     

声呐目标散射近场特性研究

本文通过实验测量对水下目标的散射近场特性进行了研究。首先,本文应用赫姆霍茨积分公式计算了简单几何形状目标的散射近场随距离、频率及入射波束照射面积的变化。其次,实验测量了××艇模型不同部位的散射近场强度。最后,本文测量了球壳目标散射近场的空间指向特性,并与远场指向特性进行了比较。     

含衬砌孔洞的凸起的垂直入射SH波的动力分析

采用复变函数法，求解半无限空间中含圆形衬砌孔洞的半圆形凸起对稳态SH波的散射问题，给出在一定边界条件下的SH波散射的动力分析的解析方法．利用介质与衬砌结构在交界处应力、位移的连续性，构造一个可以自动满足凸起边界上应力边界条件的圆域对SH波散射的波函数．再利用波函数将圆域与半圆形凹陷半空间的“公共边界”进行“契合”，并对该问题进行求解．给出了当稳态SH波垂直入射时2种无量纲参数下的算例分析，讨论了波数与衬砌厚度变化对动应力集中的影响．介质和衬砌内动应力集中系数随孔径、衬砌厚度、波数变化而变化，且与衬砌性质有关．     

波束入射时一维动态粗糙海面的电磁散射

基于粗糙面散射场积分方程,采用目前较为普遍的前、后向加速迭代法来求解具有Pierson-Moskowitz谱的动态导体粗糙海面的波束散射问题,数值计算后向散射截面的角分布,讨论了波束和平面波入射时动态海面在不同尺度、采样间隔及不同风速下的散射截面的变化,尤其对掠入射散射做了讨论,得到了平面波和波束入射时后向散射截面随掠入射角近四次方的变化关系。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.