河南桐柏山鸟类调查报告

在1983—1984年内,于不同的季节,不同的地点,在桐柏山进行了鸟类标本的采集和某些种类的生态观察,共采集、制作鸟类标本305件,计123种,隶属16目34科。在这次调查所获标本中,有6种为河南省鸟类新记录,为河南省鸟类名录增添了新内容,连同前人所记载的桐柏山的鸟类共有162种,隶属17目37科。     

中国海域钵水母类（Scyphomedusae）分类的研究

本文系作者从1974-1978年对中国海域钵水母类调查采集所获的标本。经分析记录钵水母（十字水母目Stauromedusae除外）共23种，隶属于13种，17属。除前人已报导外，其中有4种为我国首次记录。     

中国海洋鱼类单殖吸虫研究XXI.拟八铗虫科一新记录

记述采自广东汕尾长体圆鲹Decapterus macrosoma Bleeker,1851鳃上的1种单殖吸虫--拟八铗虫属Pseudodiclidophora Yamaguti,与1 965之圆鲹拟八铗虫Pseudodiclidophora decapterus Yamaguti,1965.所获标本与Yamaguti的...     

中国海洋鱼类单殖吸虫研究XXV.单杯科二新记录种

记述采自广东汕尾软骨鱼类鳃上的2种单杯科单殖吸虫:三睾单杯虫(Monocotyle tritestis Young,1967)和凯西单杯虫(Monocotyle caseyae ChisholmWhittington,2005).所获的三睾单杯虫标本与YOUNG(1967)的原始描述基本一致,但中央大钩的长度、后吸器脊片的形状略有不同;凯西单杯虫标本与CHISHOLMWHITTINGTON(2005)的原始描述基本相同,但虫体后部的6个附加结构未见.三睾单杯虫和凯西单杯虫均为我国新记录种,赤魟和尖吻魟分别为其宿主新记录.     

湖北省珍稀濒危植物标本信息的统计与分析

为了解湖北省珍稀濒危植物标本的概况,查阅了相关植物标本馆内的标本,并分别从标本种类、标本采集地、采集年代及馆藏地4个方面进行统计分析.结果共查阅到湖北珍稀濒危植物的标本共有62种,包括在湖北栽培的3种2 546号3 394份;所查阅到的标本中,水杉(Metasequoia gl yptostroboides)的标本数量...     

山西省蚜茧蜂新纪录种初报

作者对山西南部、中部和北部地区蚜茧蜂进行了较大面积的考察,经过对所获标本材料的初步鉴定,现已确定有7种,除烟蚜茧蜂有过在山西分布的报导外,阿■蚜茧蜂、桃瘤蚜茧蜂、麦蚜茧蜂、黍蚜茧蜂、麦长管蚜茧蜂为省内新纪录种,苦艾蚜茧蜂为国内新纪录种。     

外来鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅰ.食蚊鱼寄生百慕大伴盐虫Salsuginus bermudae首次在我国检出

记录采自广东广州食蚊鱼Gambusia-affinis鳃上的1种单殖吸虫——百慕大伴盐虫Salsuginus bermudae Rand & Wiles,1987.所获标本与Rand & Wiles的原始描述基本一致,但在量度、边缘小钩数量、联结片的结构上略有差异.伴盐虫属及百慕大伴盐虫均为我国首次报道.     

外来鱼类单殖吸虫研究Ⅰ. 百慕大伴盐虫Salsuginus bermudae首次在我国检出

摘要:记录采自广东广州食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis鳃上的1种单殖吸虫百慕大伴盐虫Salsuginus bermudae Rand Wiles, 1987.所获标本与Rand Wiles的原始描述基本一致，但在量度、边缘小钩数量、联结片的结构上略有差异.伴盐虫属及百慕大伴盐虫均为我国首次报道.     

中国海洋鱼类单殖吸虫研究XX. 格氏虫属一新记录

记述采自广东汕头鲐Scomber japonicus Houttuyn鳃上的1种单殖吸虫――澳洲格氏虫Grubea australis Rohde, 1986。所获标本与Rohde的原始描述基本一致，但在小生殖钩数目、卵壳结构、后吸器粘附性肌肉的发达程度及后吸器占体长比例等方面略有差异。澳洲格氏虫为我国新记录。     

中国海洋鱼类单殖吸虫研究XX. 格氏虫属——新记录

记述采自广东汕头鲐Scomber japonicus Houttuyn鳃上的1种单殖吸虫--澳洲格氏虫Grubea australis Rohde,1986.所获标本与Rohde的原始描述基本一致,但在小生殖钩数目、卵壳结构、后吸器粘附性肌肉的发达程度及后吸器占体长比例等方面略有差异.澳洲格氏虫为我国新记录.     

播期对冬小麦叶面积及其结构的影响

1990～1991年,在石河子农学院农学试验站进行了不同品种、不同播期冬小麦生长分析的研究。结果表明:适期早播有利于冬前叶面积的生长、干物质的积累,同时对返青时的叶面积增长和干物质生产也有利。不同播期的叶面积系数动态和光合势动态只有量上的差异过程相似。播期对叶片的厚薄、器官之间干重比例无大的影响;播期对籽粒灌浆的量有影响,对其基本过程无影响。     

小麦兼抗性抗源的选育、鉴定和利用

在同一小麦生态区往往数种病害同时发生 ,用兼抗性小麦品种进行防治是最经济有效的方法 ,可减少环境污染。用小麦近缘种属与野燕麦的不同种杂交、具有普通小麦不同染色体的近缘属间杂交 ,杂交后代一般不要进行回交 ,而且容易稳定 ,育成系列兼抗性普通小麦型的优质、高产的品种和品系。     

曲阜市麦田杂草调查及其对小麦的他感作用研究

报道了曲阜市麦田杂草的种类和发生规律．结果表明，曲阜市麦田杂草有16科45种，以越冬发生型和早春发生型杂草为主．主要优势种杂草有麦瓶草Silene conoidea、播娘蒿Descurainia sophia、荠菜Capsella bursa-pastoris、宝盖草Lamium amplexicaule、野燕麦Atena fatua、看麦娘Alpecurus aequalis、猪殃殃Galium aparine var．tenerum、牛繁缕Mdachium aquaticum、波斯婆婆纳Veronica persica、麦家公Lithospermum arvense、田旋花Calystegia arvensis等．同时研究了7种优势杂草对小麦的他感作用，结果表明，播娘蒿的水提液能明显抑制小麦种子的萌发和幼苗生长，宝盖草、麦瓶草和荠菜的水提液也具有较强的抑制作用。     

山西地区小麦光合生产潜力研究

根据黄秉维提出的光合生产潜力理论,结合山西地区的气候与当地地理状况,以及实际栽培条件,在Photoshop8.0的支持下,将山西小麦分为三大产区,针对各产区的情况选育优质品种,最后从品种、栽培措施、生态条件方面提出几点建议。目的是分析山西地区小麦产量的上限与实际产量差距;结果说明山西地区小麦的光合生产潜力很大。因此,掌握气候因素对其影响、改良作物品种、改善作物环境、选育优质品种,将大幅度地提高小麦产量。     

山西省小麦品质区划研究

本文根据山西省主要小麦产区小麦品质形成的气候特点,以小麦品质的评价指标面筋强度为依据,将山西省小麦产区分为三个主区和六个亚区.三个主区为:晋南强中筋冬性弱冬性中熟冬麦区,晋中强中筋强冬性冬性晚熟冬麦区,晋北(雁北)中筋春性麦区.六个亚区为:运城盆地灌区强中筋品质亚区,临汾盆地灌区强中筋品质区,晋城盆地灌区强中筋品质区,运城临汾丘陵旱地非稳定性强中筋品质区,晋中盆地灌区中强筋品质亚区,长治盆地灌区强中筋品质亚区.     

小麦丰产栽培的生态对策

应用生态学原理。结合小麦丰产栽培的实际，提出了生存面积和生态面积的概念，论述了生存面积和生态面积对小麦群体发育的影响，提出了三种小麦丰产栽培的生态对策，并用生存面积和生态面积分别进行了定量分析．最后引用了大量实例说明了上述观点。     

Highly efficient use of limited water in wheat production of semiarid area

To obtain a greater yield per unit rainfall is one of the most important challenges in dryland wheat production. Highly efficient use of limited water may be one means of achieving this goal. This paper reviewed wheat physiological adaptation and benefits associated with water deficit and variable conditions. In addition, it reveals the compensatory effect of limited irrigation and fertilizer supplement on wheat water-use efficiency (WUE) and highlights the breeding of new varieties for high WUE that could improve wheat productivity under water-limited environments in the semiarid area. Considerable potential for further improvement in wheat productivity in semiarid area seems to depend on effective conservation of moisture and efficient use of this limited water. Different crops, soil and water management strategies should be adjusted according to the conditions that prevail in the various semiarid areas. By combining soil and water conservation approaches with regulating the cropping system by cultivating drought-tolerant and water-saving cultivars, the increase in wheat productivity could be achieved.     

Influences of double aerial CO2 concentration on plant root surface area and viability and infection intensity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Using recently developed methods for root research, an investigation initiated concerning effects of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration on root surface area and infection of vesicular-arbuscu-lar mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in seedlings of maize, wheat and soybean. Results showed that doubled CO2 concentration significantly extended root system surface area and promoted VAM fungal infection intensity and viability. However, interspecific variation existed in these responses. It is suggested that plant community succession would be changed due to altered characteristics of roots among species in the future climate.     

转基因小麦的环境风险

随着转基因植物种植面积的不断增加,转基因植物对环境的影响受到越来越多的关注.小麦面包品质改良是目前转基因小麦研究的重点之一.文章对小麦遗传转化、转基因植物生态风险和转基因小麦的环境适应等相关问题进行了一系列的综述.     

Genomic and genic sequence variation in synthetic hexaploid wheat （AABBDD） as compared to their parental species

In order to understand the genomic changes during the evolution of hexaploid wheat, two sets of synthetic hexaploid wheat from hybridization between maternal tetraploid wheat （AABB） and paternal diploid goat grass （DD） were used for DNA-AFLP and single strand conformation polymorphism （SSCP） analysis to determine the genomic and genic variation in the synthetic hexaploid wheat. Results indicated that more DNA sequences from paternal diploid species were eliminated in the synthetic hexaploid wheat than from maternal tetraploid wheat, suggesting that genome from parental species of lower ploidity tends to be eliminated preferentially. However, sequence variation detected by SSCP procedure was much lower than those detected by DNA-AFLP, which indicated that much less variation in the genic regions occurred in the synthetic hexaploid wheat, and sequence variations detected by DNA-AFLP could be derived mostly from non-coding regions and repetitive sequences. Our results also indicated that sequence variation in 4 genes can be detected in hybrid F1, which suggested that this type of sequence variation could be resulted from distant hybridization. It was interesting to note that 3 out of the 4 genes were mapped and clustered on the long arm of chromosome 2D, which indicated that variation in genic sequences in synthetic hexaploid wheat might not be a randomized process.