沥青混合料室内加速热氧老化特性与预估

为了探明沥青混合料室内加速热氧老化的特性并进行预估,研究采用沥青混合料加速老化系统,利用阿布森法回收沥青进行相关指标测试,建立了与LTOA老化时间与温度的对应关系。对SBSⅠ-C改性沥青AC-13沥青混合料进行加速老化试验;并基于试验结果建立了沥青混合料加速老化性能衰减预估方程。研究结果表明:对沥青混合料在175℃下进行老化后回收的沥青与原样沥青旋转薄膜烘箱加热试验在相同老化时间内的技术指标相仿;随着老化时间的延长,沥青混合料的残留稳定度、TSR逐渐降低;动稳定度逐渐升高。所建立的沥青混合料加速老化性能衰减预估方程与试验数据具有较高的相关性。     

沥青混合料老化后的低温性能

沥青路面的耐久性与沥青混合料抗老化性能密切相关。为了研究老化对沥青混合料低温性能的影响,通过对2种级配的基质沥青和改性沥青混合料老化后的低温弯曲试验,分析了老化作用对其低温性能的影响。结果表明:细级配混合料低温性能要优于粗级配混合料,但老化后弯拉应变衰减幅度大;改性沥青混合料的低温性能好于基质沥青混合料,且其老化后弯拉应变衰减幅度也较小;长期老化对沥青混合料低温性能的影响最严重。建议在沥青混合料低温性能评价中应考虑老化作用的影响。     

排水性沥青混合料热老化性能

为了研究排水性沥青混合料的热老化性能,首先研究了沥青混合料的热老化机理,然后通过对比分析确定了排水性沥青混合料的短期和长期热老化试验方法,最后对3种不同空隙率的排水性沥青混合料,分别研究了热老化对其高温稳定性、低温抗变形能力和抗水损害性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:热老化使结合料变脆,劲度模量变大,沥青混合料的动稳定度变大;相同热老化时间,随空隙率的增大,动稳定度增大,空隙率高的排水性沥青混合料低温抗弯拉破坏和抗收缩应力的能力越低;在同一空隙率下,排水性沥青混合料的最大弯拉强度和最大弯拉应变在老化后均减小;经过热老化处理后,排水性沥青混合料的抗水损害性能有所提高;在热老化时间相同条件下,空隙率越大,其抗水损害的能力就越差。     

厂拌热再生混合料回收沥青老化特性对新沥青诱导老化的研究

为探究厂拌热再生沥青混合料中新旧沥青的老化进程及老化机理,模拟再生混合料的拌和与使用过程,首先测试了基质沥青、回收沥青以及新旧沥青三种试样依次经历旋转薄膜烘箱老化试验RTFOT和加速加压老化试验PAV之后各自的动力粘度与路用性能,对比分析了热再生中新旧沥青在老化过程中的宏观性能衰减规律,进而采用红外光谱和差示量热分析扫描等微观测试手段探明了新旧沥青的老化进程与老化机理。测试结果表明,先后经历RTFOT老化和PAV老化之后,回收沥青的粘度上升最显著,低温性能下降也十分迅速,但新旧沥青的动力粘度与低温性能变化幅度均远远高于基质沥青,证明其老化速率较基质沥青快;新旧沥青在经历RTFOT老化和PAV老化过程中,除新沥青和回收沥青各自独立的老化外,还存在一种介于二者之间的化学作用,即回收沥青中某些活性基团对新沥青的老化进程具有较明显的促进作用,称之为“诱导老化”,这种诱导老化通过改变基质沥青的老化进程而改变其老化机理。     

紫外光及温度老化对冷拌冷铺乳化沥青混合料的性能影响评价

目的 研究紫外光及温度老化对冷拌冷铺乳化沥青混合料(CMA)高温稳定性、低温抗裂性及水稳定性的影响.方法 基于CMA与热拌沥青混合料(HMA)的对比分析,在紫外光老化方面,通过Verhulst生物模型建立沥青混合料各项性能与紫外光老化时间的关系方程,提出紫外光老化速率评价指标,评价各项性能的紫外光老化速率;在温度老化方...     

超热老化对浇注式沥青混合料高温性能影响研究

浇注式沥青混合料拌合温度高达240℃,拌合时间超过45 min,该条件下浇注式沥青将发生严重的热氧老化,然而超热老化温度和老化时间对浇注式沥青混合料高温性能的影响规律报道较少。对此采用车辙试验对不同超热老化温度和老化时间的浇注式沥青混合料高温性能变化规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:动稳定度与超热老化温度高度相关,高温抗变形能力随超热老化温度升高而不断升高;动稳定度与超热老化时间具有较高的指数相关性,随着超热老化时间延长,动稳定度值呈先缓慢上升到快速上升趋势。在确保浇注式沥青混合料高温性能的同时,必须合理控制老化温度和老化时间,解决由于超热老化导致其抗疲劳开裂能力降低的问题。     

热氧老化对高韧性环氧沥青及其混合料性能的影响

通过热氧老化前后的拉伸试验和黏度试验评价高韧性环氧沥青的抗老化性能,通过马歇尔试验、劈裂试验、低温小梁弯曲试验及四点弯曲疲劳试验考察热氧老化对高韧性环氧沥青混合料性能的影响;并与美国环氧沥青和日本环氧沥青作对比。结果表明,热氧老化对三种环氧沥青及混合料的性能影响均不显著,老化后仍满足相关技术指标要求。其中,高韧性环氧沥青的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和施工容留时间分别损失了8. 9%、11. 2%和4. 8%;其混合料的马歇尔稳定度、劈裂强度、低温破坏应变和疲劳寿命分别下降了6. 6%、5. 7%、8. 2%、8. 1%。高韧性环氧沥青的抗老化性能略逊于美国环氧沥青,而优于日本环氧沥青。     

彩色沥青混合料紫外线老化影响因素的灰色关联分析

使用基质沥青制备空隙率分别为20%,23%,25%的大空隙母体马歇尔试件,并在母体表面涂上不同二氧化钛掺量改性的彩色乳化沥青.将颜色、空隙率、二氧化钛掺量和紫外线照射时间作为影响因素,将紫外线照射后试件的马歇尔稳定度作为评价指标,采用灰色关联分析理论,对彩色沥青混合料紫外线老化的影响因素进行研究.结果表明:空隙率越大,紫外线对彩色沥青混合料的老化影响越明显;二氧化钛能提高彩色沥青混合料抗紫外线老化性能,当二氧化钛掺量为3.0%时,彩色沥青混合料的抗紫外线老化性能最佳;4种影响因素按照重要程度排序为紫外线照射时间>二氧化钛掺量>空隙率>颜色,且灰色关联度均大于0.600,表明这4种因素均对彩色沥青混合料的抗紫外线老化性能有重要影响.     

抗剥落剂对沥青及沥青混合料耐久性影响

为了研究添加抗剥落剂对沥青混合料的耐久性影响,对添加抗剥落剂的沥青测试其老化后三大指标,并测试添加抗剥落剂沥青混合料的老化后的水稳定性、高低温稳定性,分析抗剥落剂对沥青及沥青混合料的性能影响。结果表明:随着长期老化时间增加,掺加抗剥落剂的沥青性能衰减较未掺加抗剥落剂的明显;而且抗剥落剂掺量越大,这种衰减越明显;不同抗剥落剂掺量下沥青老化属于一级反应,随着抗剥落剂掺量的增加,沥青老化反应速率常数呈现增大趋势;沥青混合料未老化时,随着抗剥落剂掺量增加,其水稳定性和低温性能呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,高温稳定性呈现降低趋势;经过短期老化和长期老化后,混合料的水稳定性和低温性能均呈现下降趋势、高温稳定性呈现增大趋势;且长期老化后掺加抗剥落剂的沥青混合料性能影响尤为明显。     

紫外老化对复合改性沥青混合料路用性能影响

沥青混合料在高海拔地区由于恶劣的环境因素影响导致其性能衰减,其中较大辐照度的紫外线使路面在短期内出现“泛白”的现象,影响沥青面层的使用寿命。选取几种抗紫外老化复合改性沥青方案进行室内沥青混合料抗紫外老化研究。借助自主开发的耐气候环境老化箱对沥青混合料进行紫外老化模拟试验,研究复合改性沥青对混合料抗紫外老化的效果。结果表明与SBS改性沥青相比,L64和L4分别比SBS改性沥青未老化之前的断裂能分别提升了8.16%和5.86%,L64和L4紫外老化后的复合改性沥青具有更好的抗裂性能和抗疲劳性能以及高温稳定性,其结果对于预防沥青路面紫外老化具有较大的工程价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.