间歇式反应器亚硝化颗粒污泥培养试验

在间歇式反应器(SBR)中经20d驯化后,普通消化污泥具有亚硝化功能.然后接种厌氧颗粒污泥,控制反应条件:温度21 ℃,pH7.5～8.5,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度0.5～1.0 mg/L, 25 d后完成厌氧颗粒污泥向好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥的转变.好氧亚硝化颗粒污泥具有较好的脱氮效果,一个反应周期内氨氮(NH 4N)去除率达到91.4%,总氮(TN)去除率达到70.6%,亚硝酸盐氮与硝酸盐氮质量浓度比(ρ(NO-2N)/ρ(NO-3N))＞0.70,反应器实现了同步亚硝化反硝化.     

厌氧序批式反应器培养厌氧氨氧化污泥

为从厌氧序批式反应器中接种好氧硝化污泥,对厌氧氨氧化污泥的培养进行了研究.采用含氮模拟废水,在进水pH值为7.2-7.8、温度为(30±1)℃的条件下运行142d,成功培养出厌氧氨氧化污泥.实验结果表明:在水力停留时间为1.2d、总氮容积负荷(以N计) 为0.4318kg/(m3·d)时,总氮去除率最高达到93.3%,平均为80.5%;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率最高达到93.9%和99.8%,平均为81.2%和85.7%;氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮去除的比例(摩尔比)为1:(1.387±0.024),反应器内主要发生厌养氨氧化反应,说明采用厌氧序批式反应器是培养厌氧氨氧化污泥的一条途经.     

不同种泥和运行方式对启动厌氧氨氧化反应器的影响

采用6个相同的序批式反应器(SBR),以好氧硝化-厌氧氨氧化和直接厌氧氨氧化2种运行方式,分别以河岸带污泥、好氧污泥和厌氧污泥为接种污泥启动厌氧氨氧化反应器。研究结果表明,采用好氧硝化-厌氧氨氧化方式时,接种河岸带污泥和好氧污泥的反应器分别在第110天和165天实现了厌氧氨氧化反应;接种河岸带污泥的反应器启动更快,对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率分别可达94%和99%,接种好氧污泥的反应器对氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的去除率最高仅为53%和67%;接种厌氧污泥的反应器并未发生明显的厌氧氨氧化反应。直接以厌氧氨氧化方式运行的反应器,3类种泥都培养了190 d,没有出现厌氧氨氧化现象。     

厌氧生物转盘氨氧化系统中脱氮机理与途径

利用NH4+,NO2-,NO3-和pH等4种离子选择性微电极,研究了不同基质浓度条件下厌氧氨氧化系统中颗粒污泥内部氮素迁移转化的空间分布特征.结果表明:当基质浓度充足时,从颗粒污泥表面到内部的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度以一定比例同时降低,发生了以厌氧氨氧化反应为主的特征反应;当氨氮浓度受限时,污泥颗粒外层区域(0～1 200μm)发生厌氧氨氧化脱氮途径,内层区域(1 200～2 500μm)发生以亚硝酸盐氮降低为特征的反硝化途径;当只存在NOx-时,颗粒污泥内部发生反硝化的特征反应.因此,厌氧生物转盘氨氧化系统中至少存在厌氧氨氧化和自养反硝化两种生物脱氮途径.     

单级自养脱氮污泥的厌氧氨氧化代谢特征

以单级自养脱氮污泥为研究对象,采用批式试验的方式,分析在不同进水水质条件下系统内生成的中间产物的种类及其含量,研究了单级自养脱氮污泥的厌氧氨氧化反应的代谢特征.实验结果表明,单级自养脱氮污泥具有厌氧氨氧化反应功能.部分NH+4和NO-2是按照Graaf提出的厌氧氨氧化代谢途径去除的:NO-2首先被还原为NH2OH,生成的NH2OH则与系统内的NH+4反应生成N2H4,N2H4继续被转化为N2实现氮的去除.还有部分NH+4和NO2是按照另外一条厌氧氨氧化反应代谢途径去除的:NH2OH与NO-2在缺氧条件下被转化为N2O,N2O则进一步被转化为N2而实现氮的去除,同时NH+4被氧化为NH2OH.该途径中NH+4转化为NH2OH的反应和N2O转化为N2的反应可能是相互耦合的过程,但关于这点还需进一步证实.     

半硝化-厌氧氨氧化法的脱氮研究

研究采用一种新的工艺——半硝化-厌氧氨氧化法来处理高浓度氨氮废水。半硝化在35℃左右,pH值为7．6左右,水力停留时间为1d的条件下反应;厌氧氨氧化在35℃,pH值为7．5左右,水力停留时间为2d的条件下反应。硝化反应对氨氮的有一定去除效果,但没有同等比例的亚硝酸盐氮生成;厌氧氨氧化反应前期氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮的去除率均可达到55％以上,但后期氨氮没什么去除效果,而亚硝酸盐氮有一定的去除率。     

低基质条件下厌氧氨氧化生物膜和颗粒污泥脱氮性能对比研究

在低基质质量浓度条件下,对海绵填料生物膜反应器和颗粒污泥反应器进行厌氧氨氧化的脱氮性能进行对比研究。研究结果表明:当进水NH4+-N和NO2--N质量浓度分别为(17.03±2.16)mg/L和(19.17±2.33)mg/L时,颗粒污泥厌氧氨氧化反应器的脱氮性能明显优于海绵填料生物膜反应器的脱氮性能;保持对NH4+-N和NO2--N的平均去除率为90%以上时,通过缩短水力停留时间,颗粒污泥反应器容积氮去除速率可达3.55 kg.N/(m3·d),而海绵填料生物膜反应器仅为0.94 kg·N/(m3·d);进水中NO2--N与NH4+-N的质量浓度比能影响反应器的化学计量关系。     

常温低基质下厌氧氨氧化反应器的影响因素研究

以上向流生物滤柱为反应器,实验室内氧化沟回流污泥为接种污泥,在常温低基质下成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器.在此基础上,研究了pH,亚硝酸盐氮与氨氮之比和HRT对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响.结果表明:厌氧氨氧化反应的最适pH值为6.7～8.7;亚硝酸盐氮与氨氮的最适比值为(1.35～1.37)∶1;厌氧氨氧化反应的临界HRT是2h,随着HRT的缩短,总氮的去除率迅速降低.     

厌氧氨氧化、反硝化与甲烷化耦合研究

根据厌氧氨氧化菌、反硝化菌与甲烷菌的特征,采用气提式反应器,利用反硝化颗粒污泥进行厌氧氨氧化污泥培养,研究厌氧氨氧化、反硝化与甲烷化耦合作用,并考察其对高氨氮有机废水的处理效果.反应器经过106 d的试验运行表明,NH3-N、TN、NO3-N及COD的去除率分别可达45%、69%、94%及81%;试验过程中同时观察到了厌氧脱磷现象;反应器中接种的灰黑色絮状污泥在连续运行期间逐渐转变为深棕黄色颗粒污泥.经PCR检测表明厌氧氨氧化活性较高.     

厌氧氨氧化去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验

以市政污水处理厂浓缩池污泥作为种泥,采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)作为厌氧氨氧化反应器,对垃圾渗滤液的脱氮进行3个月的连续实验.实验结果表明,厌氧氨氧化反应器对氨氮具有去除效果,且去除率呈上升趋势,月均去除率第1个月为13.1%,第2个月为27.9%,第3个月上升至39.8%.显微镜检验表明,种泥结构松散,启动运行3个月后,污泥密实且具有良好的颗粒性状;从色泽上比较,种泥为灰色,启动后的污泥略显红色,可见实验过程培养出了厌氧氨氧化细菌.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.