[Bmim]PF6萃取环境样品中四环素类抗生素残留

对用疏水性离子液体（[Bmim]PF6）萃取分离四环素类抗生素和传统的有机溶剂进行比较，实验结果表明，离子液体不仅有比有机溶剂好的萃取效果，而且对人类及其生存环境没有污染，并用疏水性离子液体萃取分离环境样品中四环素类抗生素残留，用紫外分光光度法检测其残留量．该方法简便、快速，回收率高，精密度高．     

牛乳中四环素类兽药残留量的监测调查

分批随机采集不同类型养殖场奶牛的鲜（生）乳样品，采用高效液相色谱法进行四环素兽药残留的分析监测。在135个牛乳样品中有35个含有其被测四环素类兽药成分，占被调查样品的25.93%，其中金霉素、土霉素和四环素的样检出率分别为8％、18％、14％，中位数值分别为591、311、327ug/L。表明奶牛养殖过程存在滥用四环素族抗生素类兽药的现象，从而造成鲜（生）乳中兽药残留情况较严重。     

电堆积毛细管电泳法检测食品中四环素类抗生素残留

建立了一种采用电堆积方式在线富集的毛细管电泳检测牛奶、鸡蛋和蜂蜜中(包括四环素、土霉素、强力霉素在内)3种四环素类抗生素残留的方法.对影响富集倍数和分离的主要因素进行了优化.最佳运行缓冲液为20mmol/L的柠檬酸盐溶液,pH为2.5,分离电压20kV;进样量25kV×30s.在优化条件下,四环素、土霉素和强力霉素的富集倍数分别为86,54和54;检出限为1.7～2.1,1.8～2.2和1.9～2.2μg/kg;定量下限均为20μg/kg,仅为欧盟标准中最大残留限量的1/5(牛奶)和1/10(鸡蛋).方法可应用于鸡蛋、牛奶和蜂蜜中3种四环素类抗生素残留的检测.     

大理市米线和饵丝中甲醛及吊白块含量检测

目的：检测大理市市售米线和饵丝中甲醛和吊白块含量。方法：采用乙酰丙酮法检测甲醛,盐酸副玫瑰苯胺法（GB／T5009．34—2003）检测二氧化硫;根据甲醛和亚硫酸氢钠（以二氧化硫计）含量及其比值判定吊白块的含量,并依据食品添加剂使用卫生标准（GB2760—1996）进行评价。结果：60份样品中,甲醛检出率100％,含量范围0．37～5．07mg／kg;二氧化硫检出率60％,含量范围0．14～11．88mg／kg;吊白块未检出。结论：本次检测样品中都没有添加吊白块,但可能存在违法违规使用甲醛和亚硫酸盐的情况,应加强监督检测。     

某市部分牛奶中抗生素残留情况的检测分析

目的：了解某市部分牛奶中抗生素的残留情况,为安全饮用牛奶提供依据。方法：随机抽取品牌袋装及养殖户散装牛奶127份,其中样品1、2为品牌袋装牛奶,样品3、4为养殖户散装牛奶。用国标法（TTC法）,按GB/T 4789.27-2003规定进行检测。结果：127份样品牛奶中,48份样品1：抗生素残留阳性数17份,阳性率35.4%。57份样品2：抗生素残留阳性数34份,阳性率59.6%。7份样品3和15份样品4,无抗生素检出。结论：品牌袋装牛奶中抗生素检测阳性率较高,养殖户散装牛奶未检出抗生素残留。食品卫生安全存在问题,应进一步加强食品卫生安全方面的监督及管理。     

水产品中恩诺沙星药物残留检测方法研究进展

恩诺沙星属于喹诺酮类抗生素药物,具有广谱杀菌、耐药菌少等优点,被广泛用于水产养殖疾病的防治。该药物使用不当极易造成水产品中残留超标进而危害人体健康。主要从样品前处理技术和水产品中恩诺沙星残留检测方法两方面进行阐述,并对各种检测方法的特点进行分析讨论,以期为我国水产品中恩诺沙星残留的检测和监管提供参考。     

大理市市售腌菜中寄生虫卵的检测分析

目的：了解大理市市售腌菜中寄生虫卵情况。方法：采用离心沉淀法检测腌菜中的寄生虫卵。结果：对100份样品进行检测，检出含有寄生虫卵的腌菜3份，检出率为3．0％。结论：大理市市售腌菜存在感染人的风险，应加强综合治理。     

大理市散装食品包装纸中砷含量的测定与分析

目的：了解大理市散装食品包装纸中砷的含量。方法：采用银盐法分析散装食品包装纸中砷含量情况。结果：16份样品中,12份检出砷,检出率为75.0%,16份样品均未超过国家标准值,合格率为100%。通过对各大超市和散装点检出率及砷含量进行比较,检出率差异有统计学意义,而含量差异无统计学意义;对是否含有油墨两种样品中的检出率及砷含量进行比较,检出率差异有统计学意义,而含量差异无统计学意义。结论：本次所检测的散装食品包装纸的卫生状况还是比较好的,但其砷的检出率高,说明仍存在一些问题,卫生监督部门应该引起重视。     

食品中农药残留检测的样品前处理技术

近年来因农药的大量使用致使食品的农药残留问题备受关注,建立快速,灵敏,有效的农残检测技术是关注的焦点。农药残留检测中样品前处理技术是检测过程中耗时最长,最容易出现误差的步骤。样品前处理技术能提高农药残留检测的效率和准确率。本文综述了近年来食品中农药残留检测样品的前处理技术。     

大理市市售部分化妆品微生物检测分析

目的：了解大理市销售的部分化妆品微生物污染情况，为群众使用化妆品提供意见。方法：对大理市市售的洁肤类和爽肤类10份化妆品进行了微生物学检测，检测方法按GB7918-87《化妆品微生物标准检测方法》进行，并按卫生部颁布的《化妆品卫生规范》进行检测结果分析评定。结果：共检测10份化妆品，不合格率为30％，主要是因菌落总数超标，在检测的样品中未检测出粪大肠菌群、绿脓杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。结论：大理市销售的化妆品卫生质量状况一般，少部分化妆品存在不同程度的微生物污染，建议加强对化妆品原材料和生产过程的卫生监控。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.