快速凝固Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Re粉末钎料的制备及其性能

采用快凝技术制备了粒度50-90 μm的亚共晶Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Re快凝粉末钎料,对其性能进行了分析.实验结果表明,快凝钎料液相线降低了5 ℃.与普通钎料相比,快凝Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Re粉末钎料润湿角提高了2.5,抗剪强度提高了28%.快凝钎料组织细小均匀无偏析现象,在钎焊过程中与母材扩散性能好,有利于提高润湿性和接头抗拉强度.采用快速凝固方法制备粉末钎料,不仅工艺简单,储存、使用方便,且可获得性能更优良的钎料,并可用于开发新型钎料.     

快速凝固Al-Cu-Si薄带钎料的制备及其性能

利用快速凝固技术制备了 3种低熔点Al Cu Si系带状钎料 ,并对其性能进行了分析 .结果表明 ,利用快速凝固技术可以制备低熔点Al Cu Si系带状钎料 ,Al30Cu9Si和Al2 0Cu10Si钎料都可以在温度低于 5 2 0℃以下焊接 ;退火后金属薄带能对折 180°而不折断 ,可以满足使用要求 ;快冷钎料比传统钎料有更好的流动性 .θ′相的析出是造成快冷钎料显微硬度增加的主要原因 ,快冷薄带经过退火处理后 ,θ′相转变成稳定的与基体非共格的θ相 ,可显著提高快冷薄带的塑性 .     

快冷铜基钎料真空钎焊的润湿性研究

利用快速凝固技术制备出Cu-Ni-Sn-P快冷薄带钎料,将此钎料分别在不同钎焊温度和钎焊时间下与紫铜进行真空钎焊.借助DTA、EPMA的分析,探讨了在不同钎焊条件下钎焊接头的显微组织结构及同成分快冷钎料与普通钎料的润湿性差异.研究结果表明,与普通钎料相比快冷钎料润湿性明显提高,钎料与母材的相互扩散和冶金结合增强.     

快冷与普通Al-Si钎料中Si的扩散行为研究

采用快速凝固的方法制备出了Al Si合金的薄带钎料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差热分析仪(DTA)等实验手段测量了薄带的熔点、成分等物性.使用EDS对Si元素的扩散现象进行了观察,初步研究和讨论了普通与快冷Al Si钎料中Si的扩散机理和扩散能力的区别.实验结果表明,普通钎料和快冷钎料中Si元素在母材基体中的扩散过程基本相同.快冷钎料中Si元素在母材中的扩散速度和深度都远高于普通铸态钎料.快冷钎料晶粒细小,晶界上Si元素多,有利于形成“液相通道”是快冷钎料试样中Si元素扩散速度快的主要原因.     

低熔点铝基钎料的性能

采用真空感应熔炼炉制备低熔点Al-Si-Cu-Zn-Sn多元合金钎料,以Cu为主要降低钎料熔点的元素,Zn和Sn作为既降低钎料的熔化温度,又提高钎料的润湿性和流动性的元素.通过对钎料的性能测试表明:该钎料液相线温度为528.8℃,可在560℃钎焊6063铝合金,钎焊接头剪切强度达到母材抗拉强度的80%,并且该钎料具有良好的润湿性和流动性,可以用于锻铝及部分硬铝合金的钎焊.     

快速凝固Al-Zn-Si基钎料性能的研究

利用单辊急冷设备制备了系列Al Zn Si薄带钎料,并对其熔点、润湿性、接头强度及微观组织进行了分析.试验结果表明,快冷的钎料润湿性和抗拉强度都高于普通钎料;快冷钎料晶粒尺寸为0.6μm以下,且分布均匀.快冷钎料活性大,在钎焊过程中与母材作用能力强,是快冷钎料润湿性和接头抗拉强度高的主要原因.     

气雾化法制备非球形铜基钎料的研究

通过在钎料基体中添加合金元素、控制雾化气体压力与合金液过热度等方法制各了非球形铜基钎料:大面积平板复合钎焊时,如果钎料粉末颗粒形状为球形,则会由于球形钎料易于滚动导致焊件跑位,增加了工件焊前装配难度.采用非球形粉末钎料于大面积平板复合钎焊,简化了焊前工件装配工序,且焊接效果优于球形铜基钎料.     

新型铜基涂药钎料研究

以铜基涂料H68、H62为基本钎料，以脱水硼砂为钎剂，采用电阻钎焊的方法，在研究了添加在钎剂中的Zn粉、Mn粉对钎焊接头性能的影响，得出采用该方法可以对钎缝进行合金化处理，提高钎焊接头性能结论的基础上，在钎剂中添加Zn、Mn和CeCl3粉末，对钎缝作正交试验研究，得出钎焊接头剪切强度最高时钎剂中添加Zn、Mn和CeCl3粉末的最佳配方。     

快速凝固Al-Cu钎料钎焊铝Cu对钎缝组织的影响

研究了快速凝固钎料中Cu元素在铝合金基体中的扩散现象和机制.采用快速凝固的方法制备出了Al-Cu合金的薄带,用差热分析法(DTA)测量了钎料熔点.根据熔点利用真空钎焊用Al-Cu钎料焊接纯铝,然后使用扫描电镜和能谱分析仪分析了焊缝的显微组织,对Cu元素的扩散现象进行观察,并分析了Cu的扩散行为.实验结果表明,由于快冷钎料组织均匀,表面能高,因此熔点比普通钎料低,且熔化区间窄.随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,Cu的扩散效果越来越好;在同一温度下钎焊时,快冷钎料中Cu的扩散能力明显强于普通钎料.     

快冷与普通Al-Cu钎料Cu元素扩散能力的比较

利用快速凝固技术和传统铸造技术分别制备出成分相同的Al-Cu快冷钎料薄带和普通钎料.将2种钎料在4种钎焊温度(590、600、610、620℃)和4种保温时间(5、10、15、20 min)下与纯铝进行真空钎焊,借助差热分析(DTA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X衍射(XRD)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)对2种钎料的熔点、钎缝微观组织和Cu元素的扩散行为进行了研究.研究结果表明:快冷钎料元素分布均匀,晶粒细小,晶粒形态为胞状,而普通钎料成分有偏析,元素分布不均匀,且晶粒大小不一,晶粒形态多为枝晶;快冷钎料的熔点比普通钎料的熔点低3.0℃,结晶区间缩小1.2℃.在相同的钎焊条件下,快冷钎料Cu元素的扩散能力均比普通钎料的扩散能力强.钎焊温度较低时,普通钎料和快冷钎料的Cu元素的扩散能力差别较大;随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,两者的差别减小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.