从模糊学角度讨论SISO闭环系统模型的物理局限性

用等效电路导出负反馈放大器Avsf、rof、fhf、fLf等解析式关系式,它能完整、准确描述不同电路反馈机制对放大器性能产生的不同影响.说明了SISO闭环反馈系统数学模型存在有物理局限性:不能体现基尔霍夫定律作用;不能给出完整准确、实用的计算关系式.用模糊数学概念讨论了由闭环方块图导出的Af和FA0 1表达式对于负反馈放大电路,实际上只是一种模糊关系表达式.     

负反馈放大器Avf关系式的一种解析推导

根据基尔霍夫定律、应用电路分析的方法,导出四种负反馈放大器含有反馈系数F和开环增益A0,但量纲相同的闭环电压放大倍数Avf关系式。新关系式能直观描述Avf与输入、输出回路元件参数之间的关系,证明了由于方块图不能体现电路定律作用,用方块图法导出的一般关系式具有模糊数学特性。     

运放-差分电压并联负反馈放大电路的分析与研究

采用方框图分析法,对由运算放大器与晶体三极管构成的运放-差分电压并联负反馈放大电路进行分析.在理论计算上,直接根据多级放大器增益的计算方法,计算基本放大器的互阻增益,用微变等效电路处理方法得闭环增益,二者满足负反馈放大器中基本关系式.在仿真中,开环、闭环增益结果与理论计算一致,说明计算分析的正确性.     

多级并联负反馈放大器上限截止频率的解析式推导

根据等效电路，应用基尔霍夫定律,导出了多级并联负反馈放大器上限截止频率fkf的解析表达式.新关系式能直观、较准确地描述fkf与电路中各元件参数间的关系．证明了原表达式存在缺陷.     

负反馈放大器Avmf完全解析式推导

用电路分析方法,不再使用反馈系数,导出4种负反馈放大器闭环电压放大倍数Avmf 的解析关系式.新关系式中4种电路基本放大倍数的定义相同,容易计算,不再需要考虑反馈网络的负载作用,而做单向化变换,并能直观描述各电路元件参数对闭环增益Avmf的影响.利用新关系式可导出更便于直接应用的Avmf的近似公式.     

电流并联负反馈的仿真分析与计算

采用方框图分析法,对所设计的由运算放大器构成的电流并联负反馈放大电路进行了仿真分析和理论计算．结果表明：闭环增益与开环增益满足基本关系式;引入负反馈后稳定性得以提高;输入电阻减小、输出电阻增大;深负反馈条件下,反馈系数的倒数近似等于闭环增益,从而验证了负反馈放大电路中的基本结论和公式．     

并联负反馈放大器下限截止频率fLf解析式的多样性

根据基尔霍夫定律、交流等效电路．导出了并联负反馈放大器下限截止频率fLf，的解析关系式．新关系式能直观、准确描述fLf与电路参数间的函数关系；显示出fLf解析式会因电路级间耦合电容的多少而有不同形式；证明了原关系式给出的实际上是一种模糊关系式。     

差分-运放电流并联负反馈的理论计算与仿真分析

构建了直接耦合方式下的差分-运放电流负反馈放大电路,根据多级放大器增益的计算方法,计算了基本放大器的电压增益,进而得电流增益.另外采用微变等效电路方法,得到了反馈放大器的电流增益,两者满足负反馈放大电路中的基本关系.启用仿真软件EWB,基本放大器和反馈放大器的仿真结果与理论计算一致.     

差分-共集负反馈电路的电性能讨论与仿真

采用方框图分析法,对差分-共集电压串联负反馈放大电路进行理论计算.EWB仿真结果表明：开环和闭环电压增益的理论计算与仿真的相对误差分别为0.142%和0.150%,吻合很好;仿真的开、闭环间的电压增益,满足反馈放大器中的基本关系式;开环状态下的输入、输出电阻的理论与仿真,其相对误差分别为2.60%和0.133%.理论计算闭环输入电阻43.50 kΩ,输出电阻72.72Ω,说明电路具有良好的电压放大器性能.     

负反馈放大器的网络分析

基于理想方块图,应用网络方法导出了4种形式负反馈放大器的放大倍数、输入、输出电阻关系式,全面描述了影响放大倍数、输入、输出电阻的电路参数。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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