氢在Q960纯净钢中的扩散

用电化学氢渗透方法研究高强度纯净钢Q960中氢陷阱、氢渗透温度和试样厚度对氢扩散系数的影响. 研究结果表明: Q960纯净钢中的氢陷阱延长氢原子的穿透时间, 同时降低氢在钢中的扩散系数, 而可逆氢陷阱对氢扩散系数的影响大于不可逆氢陷阱; 氢在Q960纯净钢中的表观扩散激活能为26 056 J/mol; 氢在Q960纯净钢中的扩散系数与试样厚度无关.     

Fe对氢在无序态和有序态Ni3Fe合金中扩散的影响

研究阴极渗氢时Fe的化学计量比对氢原子在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中扩散的影响.在相同渗氢条件下,随着Fe含量的增加,渗氢后无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金的拉伸延伸率逐渐增加,断口上的沿晶断口深度逐渐减小.时间滞后法计算结果表明,在相同渗氢条件下,随着Fe含量的增加,氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的表观扩散系数和表观扩散激活能逐渐减少.在相同条件下,氢在无序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散系数大于氢在有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散系数.     

氢在低碳钢中的渗透扩散特性

通过氢扩散理论拟合方法和时间滞后法评估了氢在低碳钢中的有效扩散系数,通过对部分衰减和积聚渗透瞬态曲线的拟合对氢在低碳钢中的扩散系数和浓度分布进行了分析。利用阳极侧完整的电流密度衰减曲线,对在阳极侧释放的可逆捕捉氢进行了表征。实验结果表明:低碳钢中的部分可逆氢可以通过阳极侧完整的电流密度衰减曲线进行表征。低碳钢中的氢陷阱以及充氢侧的浓度减缓了氢在材料中的扩散,降低了氢在材料中的扩散系数。而通过部分衰减和积聚渗透瞬态曲线的拟合较好地得到了氢在低碳钢中的实际扩散系数和浓度分布。     

氢在无序态和有序态Ni3Fe合金中的扩散行为

采用电解渗氢的方法研究室温下氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散行为.研究结果表明,在相同渗氢温度下,渗氢后的Ni₃Fe合金的延伸率随渗氢时间的增加而降低,拉伸断口上的沿晶断裂区(IG)的深度随渗氢时间的增加而增加;在相同渗氢时间下,合金拉伸断口上的沿晶断裂区的深度随渗氢温度的增加而增加.沿晶脆性断裂区的深度与渗氢温度和时间的关系符合菲克扩散方程的解.时间滞后法计算结果表明,氢在无序态Ni₃Fe合金中的表观扩散系数高于在有序态合金中的表观扩散系数.氢在无序态和有序态Ni₃Fe合金中的扩散激活能分别为44.9 kJ/mol和29.5 kJ/mol.     

Nb 对氢在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用

采用电化学氢渗透方法研究氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 和 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo-0.5Nb 合金中的扩散行为, 分析了 0.5%Nb(质量分数, 下同)对氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中扩散行为的作用. 研究结果表明: 当在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中添加 0.5%Nb 后, 合金的晶粒得到细化, 同时合金中析出大量弥散分布的细小 Fe$_{2}$Nb 相. 0.5%Nb 的添加大幅度降低了氢原子在 Fe-13Cr-6Al-2Mo 合金中的表观扩散系数, 使氢原子在合金中的扩散激活能提高了 50.3%. Nb 原子通过提高合金中的氢陷阱浓度, 有效降低了氢原子在 FeCrAlMo 基合金中的扩散速率.     

酸性环境中高强度低合金钢抗SSC性能及氢渗透机理研究

依据NACE TM 0177-2005标准A法SSC实验结果,结合高强度低合金钢的成分、组织、力学性能分析,研究其抗SSC性能,探讨固溶氢含量、氢渗透速率与高强度低合金钢抗SSC性能的关系。研究结果表明:在加载应力为85%YSmin的条件下,抗酸性C110钢通过了NACE TM 0177-2005标准A法检测,具有良好的抗SSC性能。在NACE TM 0177-2005标准A溶液中,抗酸性C110钢的固溶氢含量及氢的有效扩散系数分别为5.2 m L/100g和3.22×10-7cm2/s,相比于普通P110钢,其非金属夹杂程度较低,固溶氢含量及氢的有效扩散系数较小;抗酸性C110钢的稳态氢扩散电流密度及原子氢晶格扩散系数分别为54.1μA/cm2和9.7×10-7cm2/s,相比于普通P110钢,其稳态氢扩散电流密度及原子氢晶格扩散系数较小。随着溶液p H值降低,酸性增强,抗酸性C110钢的氢晶格扩散系数仅稍微增大,在较低p H值的酸性环境中,相比于普通P110钢,C110钢仍具有良好的抗SSC性能。     

工业纯铁中氢扩散及捕获行为研究：Ⅰ.完全退火工业纯铁中氢的扩散系数

用Devanathan双电解池氢渗透技术测量了20—80℃工业纯铁中氢的扩散系数,D=10.7×10~(-4)exp(-Q/RT),其中扩散激活能Q=7710±150J/mol.本文还讨论了运用电化学法测量氢的扩散系数、制备薄片渗透试样应注意的几个问题.     

合金凝固组织对氢扩散和MH电极性能的影响

用电位阶跃法和恒电流充放电法研究了贮氢合金凝固组织中的氢扩散行为和合金氢化物（ＭＨ）电极放电的速度特性．研究表明：合金ＭＬＮｉ３．４５（ＣｏＭｎＴｉ）１．５５的各凝固组织中氢扩散系数及合金的电极性能均明显不同，随合金凝固时冷却速度增大，氢扩散系数和晶胞体积减小；合金电极的高倍率放电率主要取决于氢在合金中的扩散速度和电极表面的电催化活性．定向凝固组织具有良好的放电速度特性与其凝固组织中存在Ｎｉ的析出相关系密切．     

阴极极化条件下X80钢及其焊缝的氢渗透行为

 钢中吸收的氢能导致其机械性能损失。采用电化学氢渗透技术,研究了阴极极化条件下X80管线钢及其焊缝在鹰潭土壤环境中氢渗透行为,并利用光学显微镜观察了实验后的试样形貌。结果表明,阴极极化条件下,氢在X80钢中的扩散行为既取决于阴极极化电位,又与显微组织结构有关。随着阴极极化程度增加,氢在X80管线钢中母材和焊缝的可扩散氢浓度和氢陷阱数逐渐增大,氢致开裂敏感性增加。X80钢焊缝氢致开裂敏感性高于母材。阴极极化程度低于-1000mV(SCE)时,母材和焊缝的析氢反应动力学不同。当阴极极化程度高于-1100mV(SCE)时,焊缝内氢压超过其塑性极限,氢鼓泡破裂。母材中氢浓度持续增加,氢鼓泡继续长大。母材中针状铁素体和珠光体对氢扩散的阻碍作用,大于焊缝热影响区粗大的贝氏体和熔合线先共析铁素体。     

硫化锰夹杂物在YF45MnV钢中行为的原位观察

采用共焦激光扫描显微镜首次原位观察YF45MnV钢中MnS夹杂在连续升温过程中的变化.结果表明:在匀速加热过程中,细长条状MnS首先转变为近球状硫化物组成的串状夹杂物,然后近球状硫化物发生扩散长大,数量减少;温度增加到一定程度后,MnS夹杂发生固溶现象,其面积反而减小.     

原位观察MnS对非调质钢拉伸性能各向异性的影响

利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜原位观察S质量分数为0.065%的非调质钢纵向与横向拉伸过程中MnS的行为,研究MnS形貌与分布对非调质钢各向异性的影响.原位观察表明锻后钢中存在大量长条形MnS,横向与纵向拉伸过程中MnS长度方向与拉力方向取向不同.横向拉伸过程中MnS更易与基体分离产生裂纹,裂纹随MnS长度方向扩展长大,最终导致基体的断裂. MnS在纵向拉伸时不易与基体分离,因此对纵向拉伸性能影响较小.钢中群聚分布的MnS有利于裂纹的聚合长大,会促进基体的断裂.     

硫质量分数对Ti-Zr脱氧E36钢中夹杂物的影响

为明确钢中硫质量分数对Ti-Zr脱氧的E36船板钢中夹杂物的影响,在1873K下,在MoSi2电阻炉上用70mm×100mmMgO坩埚开展了3炉E36钢炼钢实验.结果表明,Ti-Zr脱氧钢中夹杂物主要以含TiOx和ZrO2成分的外围包裹MnS的球形夹杂物为主,典型夹杂物为Al2O3-TiOx-MnS,MgO-SiO2-Al2O3,Al2O3-SiO2-TiOx-ZrO2,TiOx-SiO2-Al2O3-MnS等.随着硫质量分数的增加,小于10μm的夹杂物所占比例逐渐提高到99.5%,夹杂物平均直径由1.7μm增大到2.3μm,夹杂物中平均硫质量分数和单个夹杂物中MnS所占的面积百分比均增加,w[S]=0.0015%时面积比为0.15%,w[S]=0.011%时面积比达到0.72%.     

Analysis on composition and inclusions of ballpoint pen tip steel

Ballpoint pen tip steel, a super free-cutting stainless steel, exhibits excellent corrosion resistance and good machining properties. In this study, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the elemental contents in five ballpoint pen tips and their components, morphologies, and inclusion distributions. The results showed that the steels were all S-Pb-Te super free-cutting ferritic stainless steel. The free-cutting phases in the steels were mainly MnS, Pb, and small amounts of PbTe. MnS inclusions were in the form of chain distributions, and the aspect ratio of each size inclusion in the chain was small. The stress concentration effect could substantially reduce the cutting force when the material was machined. Some of the Pb was distributed evenly in the steel matrix as fine particles (1-2 μm), and the rest of the Pb was distributed at the middle or at both ends of the MnS inclusions. The Pb plays a role in lubrication and melting embrittlement, which substantially increases the cutting performance. PbTe was also usually distributed in the middle and at both ends of the MnS inclusions, and Te could convert the sulfides into spindles, thereby improving the cutting performance of the steel.     

GCr15轴承钢中MnS-Al_2O_3复合夹杂物析出行为

对于钢液铝脱氧精炼过程产生的Al_2O_3夹杂物严重影响钢的性能,而在钢液凝固过程中MnS夹杂物容易包裹着Al_2O_3夹杂物形成复合夹杂物,这种复合夹杂物改善钢材的性能有重要意义。通过场发射扫描电镜和能谱对国内某钢厂连铸坯中夹杂物形貌以及组成进行观察与分析,发现大量MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物。同时通过理论热力学阐述MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物的析出机理,计算得出:Al_2O_3夹杂物在钢液中形成,Mn S夹杂物在钢液凝固过程中形成,由于Al_2O_3夹杂物先析出,Mn S夹杂物可以在先析出的Al_2O_3夹杂物进行形核与长大,为钢中MnS包裹Al_2O_3复合夹杂物生成提供了理论依据。     

稀土处理C-Mn钢显微组织和夹杂物演化

对稀土处理C-Mn钢的夹杂物和显微组织进行分析,统计稀土处理C-Mn钢中针状铁素体形核核心尺寸,并将稀土处理钢在不同温度下淬火,研究稀土夹杂物生成和长大过程. 实验结果表明:C-Mn钢加入少量稀土后钢中夹杂物从MnS﹢硅铝酸盐夹杂转变为La2 O2 S﹢LaAlO3 ﹢MnS﹢硅铝酸盐夹杂,尺寸得到细化,显微组织也从马氏体﹢贝氏体组织变成侧板条铁素体、针状铁素体和块状铁素体组织;稀土处理C-Mn钢中针状铁素体有效形核核心的尺寸集中在1~4μm,主要是在钢液中形成,冷却和凝固过程形成的数量较少;稀土夹杂物在钢液温度和冷却及凝固过程容易碰撞黏合长大,上浮从钢液中去除, MnS能在稀土夹杂物颗粒间析出.     

Characteristics of Al_2O_3, MnS,and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

The Al_2O_3, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating detailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subsequently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al_2O_3 inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.     

Characteristics of Al2O3, MnS,and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

The Al2O3, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating de-tailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subse-quently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al2O3 inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.     

In-depth analysis of the fatigue mechanism induced by inclusions for high-strength bearing steels

A numerical study of stress distribution and fatigue behavior in terms of the effect of voids adjacent to inclusions was conducted with finite element modeling simulations under different assumptions. Fatigue mechanisms were also analyzed accordingly. The results showed that the effects of inclusions on fatigue life will distinctly decrease if the mechanical properties are close to those of the steel matrix.For the inclusions, which are tightly bonded with the steel matrix, when the Young's modulus is larger than that of the steel matrix, the stress will concentrate inside the inclusion; otherwise, the stress will concentrate in the steel matrix. If voids exist on the interface between inclusions and the steel matrix, their effects on the fatigue process differ with their positions relative to the inclusions. The void on one side of an inclusion perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction will aggravate the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior and lead to a sharp stress concentration. The void on the top of inclusion along the fatigue loading direction will accelerate the debonding between the inclusion and steel matrix.     

In-depth analysis of the fatigue mechanism induced by inclusions for high-strength bearing steels

A numerical study of stress distribution and fatigue behavior in terms of the effect of voids adjacent to inclusions was conducted with finite element modeling simulations under different assumptions.Fatigue mechanisms were also analyzed accordingly.The results showed that the effects of inclusions on fatigue life will distinctly decrease if the mechanical properties are close to those of the steel matrix.For the inclusions,which are tightly bonded with the steel matrix,when the Young’s modulus is larger than that of the steel matrix,the stress will concentrate inside the inclusion;otherwise,the stress will concentrate in the steel matrix.If voids exist on the interface between inclusions and the steel matrix,their effects on the fatigue process differ with their positions relative to the inclusions.The void on one side of an inclusion perpendicular to the fatigue loading direction will aggravate the effect of inclusions on fatigue behavior and lead to a sharp stress concentration.The void on the top of inclusion along the fatigue loading direction will accelerate the debonding between the inclusion and steel matrix.     

Characteristics of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>, MnS,and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

The Al₂O₃, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating detailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subsequently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al₂O₃ inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.