静滴法测表面张力的计算机处理

本文提出了根据由chatel法所测出水平垫片上液滴的投影尺寸,通过计算机求算表面张力、液滴体积和润湿角的数学方法。编制了适用于单板机(ZX-48型)的BASIC语言程序。用此程序计算Hg、Cu、Cu(40％)-Sb和Sb的表面张力,验证了它的可行性和可靠性。     

固-液接触角对池内核态沸腾换热特性的影响

摘要： 在考虑固-液接触角影响的半理论沸腾换热模型的基础上,将沸腾换热特性表达为过热度、固-液接触角和物性参数的函数;通过图解法推导出考虑固-液接触角影响的沸腾换热特性的预测关系式;利用无壁面毛细力影响的平坦金属表面或金属表面镀膜加热面在不同饱和压力条件下的饱和水实验数据,获得了适用于不同饱和压力和     

Measurement of contact angle between stainless steel surface and carbon dioxide by pendant drop method

To measure contact angle between CO2 and solid surface, in this study a visual high-pressure vessel has been developed, with a corresponding well-controlled constant temperature system. Pendant drop method is applied to the investigation of the contact angles of CO2 on a stainless steel surface in its own vapor. The image of the pendant drop is recorded by a camera, and a B-Snake method is used to analyze the contour and the contact angle of the droplet. The experimental results have provided a set of well tested data, which show that C02 has good infiltration into stainless steel surface and the developed method can be used as a standard testing one for measuring the contact angle between high-pressure liquid and solid surface.     

液滴图片数字化引起的超疏表面接触角测量误差模拟研究

液滴在表面上的接触角是衡量表面润湿性能的一个重要指标,近年来在超疏水表面研究领域得到广泛应用。目前接触角测试主要采用座滴法在获取液滴数字图片的基础上对液滴轮廓进行直接测量或拟合得到;数字图片的离散性决定了接触角测试结果具有一定误差这一误差在液滴偏离球冠形状的情况下(例如:超疏水/油表面接触角测量)会变得较为严重。拟采用数值模拟分析方法研究由液滴数字图片决定的超疏水/油表面接触角测量误差随液滴参数和表面性能的变化规律。通过模拟发现,接触角测量误差随着接触角的增大而增大;采用大体积液滴进行测量会带来较大的接触角误差;而密度大或表面张力小的液体带来的误差较太。为实现接触角误差的控制,在采用小体积液滴的同时,可以通过悬滴法进行测试,此时误差可控制在仪器误差限范围之内。     

棉织物的等离子体聚合涂覆及其拒水性研究

使用某种氟碳化合物的AC等离子体沉积方法 ,在棉织物表面涂覆一层很薄的憎水膜。影像接触角测试表明 ,仅仅经过 3 0s的涂覆处理 ,棉织物表面水接触角就可达 164°左右 ,获得超级憎水特性。棉织物的柔软性、保水率、回潮率、颜色变化、手感、透气性等都采用标准方法进行了详细研究 ,并与商用ScotchgardTM防水防污喷雾型保护剂涂覆的织物进行了比较。研究结果表明 ,除了回潮率基本相同外 ,等离子体涂覆织物的这些性能都优于保护剂涂覆织物的性能。同时 ,对加热后处理对涂层织物憎水性的影响进行了研究 ,结果表明 ,高温后处理有助于织物憎水性的提高。原子力显微镜和二次离子质谱研究结果显示 ,加热后处理后沉积膜的表面形态和化学性能都发生了变化 ,这种变化可能导致了织物憎水性能的改变     

梯度表面能材料及液滴运动特性实验

采用十二烷基三氯硅烷(C12H25Cl3Si)和辛基三氯硅烷(C8H17Cl3Si),通过化学气相沉积的方法(CVD),在硅基板上制取了具有梯度表面能的材料表面.通过躺滴法,测量了梯度表面能材料水平表面上的微量液滴接触角的分布,并以此表征材料表面能的分布.实验表明:水平放置的梯度表面能材料表面可驱使其上面的直径为1～3 mm的液滴从憎水侧向亲水侧迁移,单个液滴的运动速度最大可达0.9 m/s.在实验观察的基础上,探讨了液滴在具有梯度表面能材料表面运动的机理.     

圆形径向梯度表面能材料表面的凝结换热系数

在均质表面上的单个球缺形液滴换热模型和液滴通用尺度分布规律的基础上,结合梯度表面能材料表面上的液滴分布和凝结换热特性,得到了圆形径向梯度表面能材料表面上的滴状凝结换热计算式．在此基础上,研究了壁面过冷度、接触角梯度、工质物性等参数对梯度表面能材料表面滴状凝结换热性能的影响．     

Effect of magnesium and nickel coatings on the wetting behavior of alumina toughened zirconia by molten Al-Mg alloy

The wettability of alumina toughened zirconia (ZTA) by Al-Mg alloy was investigated using the sessile drop technique. The effects of nickel coating, magnesium content, nitrogen atmosphere, and processing temperature on the contact angle between the molten alloy and the substrate were determined. Likewise, the effect of these factors on the wetting properties was studied. The results showed that the nickel coating on the ceramic substrate caused a significant reduction in solid/liquid surface energy and the contact angle decreased obviously. The presence of magnesium in the molten aluminum alloy in nitrogen atmosphere reduced the contact angle effectively. The presence of magnesium in the alloy must be at a minimum amount of 2wt%-3wt%. Moreover, it was suggested that some chemical reactions in the Al-Mg-N system led to the production of Mg₃N₂ and AlN compositions. These compositions improved the wetting properties of the systems by reducing the surface energy of the molten. It was shown that increasing the temperature is also an effective factor for the enhancement of wetting properties.     

细粒浮选体系中界面极性相互作用理论及应用

本文系统讨论了界面极性相互作用理论及其在细粒浮选研究中的应用。亲水矿粒间水化排斥作用及疏水矿粒间疏水吸引作用主要归因于颗粒间界面极性相互作用。通过测定矿物在已知表面能参数的液体中的接触角,就可确定矿物的表面能参数值。由界面极性相互作用能确定水化或疏水相互作用能量常数,从而计算颗粒间水化或疏水相互作用能曲线,利用EDLVO理论能很好解释矿粒间的凝聚、分散行为。     

微重力状态下自由液面构型的Surface Evolver软件计算

以扇柱形贮箱为研究对象,根据微重力状态下液体的毛细现象,基于Surface Evolver软件平台,建立了三维分析模型.利用该模型进行数值模拟,深入研究了微重力状态下扇柱形贮箱内角处自由液面的爬升特性,数值分析结果与实验结果吻合良好,证明了该方法的合理有效性.通过数值分析,详细探讨了接触角及容器中心角对微重力条件下自由液面爬升的影响规律,发现液体与容器壁接触角之和小于90°时,液体会不断爬升;当中心角大于50°时,液体爬升高度变化很小.     

接触角测试的量高法的适用范围

量高法是接触角测试的一种简便的测试方法,在工程和研究中得到广泛应用。该方法基于液滴的球形假设,决定其仅有有限的适用范围。通过数值模拟的方法研究量高法所引起的接触角偏差,从而考察量高法的适用范围并给出接触角修正的方法。研究发现:采用量高法计算的接触角与真实接触角有很大的偏差,这种偏差在超疏水表面上的接触角测量中尤为明显,可达20°;偏差范围决定于液滴的性质、表面的润湿性能和液滴的体积,液体表面张力小、接触角大和液滴体积大将导致大的偏差。在超疏水或超疏油表面研究中,为精确表征表面的润湿性能,需要对量高法进行偏差修正,提出了一种用于偏差修正的方法,通过该方法可精确确定出真实接触角。     

线张力对接触角影响的理论分析

通过引入“线张力”的概念，分别用力学和热力学的方法导出固体表面上液滴平衡时接触角应满足的条件，即对Young方程进行修正．并得到了液滴系统自由能随接触角变化的曲线，从理论上说明在理想固体表面上线张力可以造成液滴接触角的多值现象．结果表明，由液滴形变作用引起的线张力变化是影响接触角测量准确性的一个重要因素．对于深入认识线张力在液滴运动以及滴状冷凝传热过程中的作用有积极意义．     

全失重环境下液体的受迫振动

研究全失重环境下带核液体和腔内多层液体的受迫振动问题．采用球函数和Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法给出了问题的解析解．研究结果表明，对于理想不可压缩流体在线性理论范围内，刚体的激励运动不激发液体自由面或多层液体交界面的波动响应，从而使问题转化为液泡的运动．     

Formation and tribology properties of polyfluoroalkylmethacrylate film on the magnetic head surface

A polyfiuoroalkylmethacrylate （PFAM） film has been coated on the surface of the magnetic head by a dipping coating method to modify the surface properties. The films were characterized by means of a time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer （TOF-SIMS）, contact angle measurement and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The results indicate that the concentration of the solution is the main factor affecting the thickness, contact angle and surface topography of the film. The magnetic head with the PFAM film at a concentration of 500 ppm exhibits the best tribology properties, and the stiction between the magnetic head and the disk is no more than 2.4 g after 20000 contact start stop （CSS） cycles. Therefore, a fully covered PFAM film with few defects helps improve the tribology properties of the magnetic head, and decrease the adsorbed contaminant on the magnetic head surface.     

座滴图像求解界面张力计算方法的研究

本文对曲线拟合座滴图象求解界面张力的数学方法进行了研究,提出了自座滴子午线座标求界面张力,润湿角及液滴体积的计算方法与相应的计算机程序。讨论了座滴法测量界面张力的误差。     

Wetting behavior and interfacial characteristic of Sn-Ag-Cu solder alloy on Cu substrate

Wettability of molten Sn-Ag-Cu alloy on Cu substrate has been determined by sessile drop method, as well as its dependence on time and temperature. It was found that the evolution of contact angle at the alloy’s melting point experienced four different stages. Especially, the contact angle was unstable and fluctuant in stage II, and gradually decreased in stage III mainly due to a chemical reaction between Sn-Ag-Cu alloy and Cu substrate. The contact angle decreased with increasing temperature, but increased slightly at 629 K, for another chemical reaction occurred. Interfacial characteristic has been further investigated by examining the sample’s cross section. Intermetallic compounds of Cu6Sn5 and β-Sn phase were found at the interface of Sn-Ag-Cu/Cu.     

抗剥落剂对沥青表面自由能的影响

测定沥青与不同液体的接触角,利用Owen-Wendt法确定沥青的表面自由能,考察不同抗剥落剂及其与多聚磷酸的复配对沥青表面自由能的影响。结果表明:抗剥落剂的加入增加了沥青的表面自由能,提高了沥青-集料界面黏附能力,可增强沥青混合料的抗水损害能力;抗剥落剂与多聚磷酸的复配可降低沥青的表面自由能。     

Wet Transfer Model of Woven Fabric

To investigate wet permeability of woven fabric, a wet transfer model of woven fabric is built up and by means of the model, the main factors which have significant influences on its wet permeability function, including liquid/ material contact angle, fiber diameter, fiber cross-section configuration, the number of fibers, yarn＇s twisting angle and woven density, are discussed. Finally it is derived from the argument that optimal design of wet transfer function of woven fabric can be obtained.     

Application of the Zisman Critical Surface Tension Technique to Textile Materials Using Contact Angle Measurements

This is the first one that applies the Zisman critical surface tension technique successfully to textile materials. It was accomplished by carefully determination of the contact angle of fabric. The deviation caused by the porous structure of the fabric will be taken into account. To do so, a Jens equation is applied, and the measured contact angles can be corrected. The surface porosity was determined by measurement and approximate calculation, and the chemical composition of the surface was characterized by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR/ATR).     

改性纳米SiO2成膜复合涂层对混凝土疏水和抗碳化性能的影响

为了研究改性纳米Si O2+有机成膜涂层对混凝土疏水和抗碳化性能的影响,配制了6种改性和未改性纳米Si O2有机成膜复合涂料,测定了涂覆复合涂料后混凝土的表面接触角,确定了涂料中纳米Si O2的最佳添加量。通过测定涂层混凝土的吸水率发现,改性和未改性纳米Si O2可以显著提高涂层混凝土的憎水性,其中改性纳米Si O2的改善幅度更大,同时混凝土的吸水率与其接触角呈一阶线性负相关的关系;通过涂层混凝土的加速碳化试验发现,改性和未改性纳米Si O2可以有效改善涂层混凝土的抗碳化性能,其中改性纳米Si O2的改善效果更好,而且还发现涂层混凝土的疏水能力和抗碳化性能之间存在正相关关系,即表面涂层疏水性能越强,混凝土抗碳化性能越好。