CSP生产模式下轧制计划编制模型及算法

针对紧凑式带钢生产(CSP)模式下的轧制计划编制问题,综合考虑设备能力、订单需求和相邻板坯间厚度跳跃,提出一种两阶段问题求解框架。第一阶段以最小化轧制单元数和非计划卷使用量为目标建立整数规划模型,为保证模型的求解效率,从生产实际中提炼出"优先薄板,后补非计划材"的启发式规则进行求解。第二阶段以最小化板坯间平均厚度跳跃为目标来建模,综合考虑非计划卷厚度可变的特性,提出一种多邻域结构的变邻域搜索算法进行求解。通过某CSP生产线的轧制计划编制实例验证了该模型和算法的有效性。     

禁忌搜索算法解决钢铁企业生产合同计划优化问题

针对钢铁工业中的实际合同计划问题建立了数学规划模型.模型在考虑了机组产能、工序优先级和库存等实际约束下,最小化合同的提前拖期惩罚费用、机组的产能放空费用、机组的库存费用和合同的产线选择费用.针对合同计划的复杂约束、大规模和多目标等特征,提出了新的禁忌搜索算法以求得问题的近优解.为了提高搜索效率,在禁忌搜索算法中引入希望邻域和每代多次移动的策略.通过中小规模随机产生的数据进行实验,结果表明,提出的算法获得的结果优于标准优化软件ILOG-CP得到的结果.通过大规模实际数据的实验,验证了算法的有效性.     

具有双重时间窗约束的作业车间调度算法

为解决实际生产调度中等待时间受限引起的工件加工时间窗约束和设备能力有限引起的机器可加工时间窗约束,以工件完工率最大为优化目标,建立了具有双重时间窗约束的作业车间调度模型,提出了求解该模型的基于启发式规则的禁忌搜索算法。在分析优化目标与约束条件关系的基础上,提出了工件选择和机器分配的启发式规则,并利用启发性规则生成初始调度方案;设计具有块邻域结构的禁忌搜索算法,减小了邻域规模,通过迭代优化最终获得较优的调度方案。选择多种不同规模的算例与传统算法进行对比分析,实验结果表明了所提算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于VNS-EM混合算法的两阶段装配流水车间调度

针对以最小化工件提前期和拖期惩罚费用加权和为目标的两阶段装配流水车间调度问题,证明了工件之间的最优排序性质,并将其嵌入优化算法中.由于该问题的NP难性,提出了一种变邻域类电磁机制(VNS-EM)混合算法.该混合算法在类电磁机制(EM)算法的每一次迭代过程中嵌入改进的变邻域搜索(VNS)算法,利用其较好的局部搜索能力对每代最优个体的邻域进行精细搜索,从而提高解的质量.仿真结果表明了算法的有效性.与VNS算法和EM算法相比较,提出的VNS-EM混合算法能更好地兼顾算法的精度和求解速度.     

模糊需求车辆路径优化及实时调整

针对模糊需求车辆路径问题,在需求未明的预优化阶段,基于可信性测度理论建立预优化模型,设计混合分散搜索和变邻域搜索的变邻域分散搜索算法求解;在获知实际需求的实时调整阶段,提出一种新的实时调整策略,采用随机模拟算法模拟可能场景的实际需求.算例仿真结果表明,变邻域分散搜索算法是求解该类问题的较好算法,新策略能实现较优的实时调整.     

串联生产系统维护在线决策与缓冲分配联合优化

针对生产系统的退化状态不能在线获取的问题,提出了设备维护在线决策与缓冲分配的联合优化模型。以隐马尔科夫退化系统的工件质量指标为决策依据,提出了设备维护的在线决策策略;推导了串联生产系统工件加工时间与完成时间的递推式,建立了在有限缓冲容量下的缓冲分配模型。以最小化总成本为优化目标,建立了以执行设备维护的质量阈值与缓冲分配为联合决策变量的数学模型。以基于设备跃迁过程的蒙特卡洛仿真算法估计系统期望成本,采用禁忌搜索算法对模型求解,并提出元胞自动机制邻域规则优化搜索过程。数值实验表明提出的联合优化模型及算法的有效性。     

求解VRPBTW的变邻域搜索算法

以电子商务环境下物流配送为背景,建立了带有时间窗和回程载货约束的车辆路径问题优化模型,设计了改进的变邻域搜索求解算法.该算法采用改进的Braysy顺序插入法生成问题初始解,再根据变邻域搜索算法机制应用4种不同搜索范围的局域搜索算子对初始解进行改进.通过对多个算例的求解实验,并与采用一般流程的变邻域搜索算法进行比较,结果表明所提出的变邻域搜索算法的求解效果明显优于采用一般流程的变邻域搜索算法,是求解该类问题的有效算法.     

考虑服务公平性的连续泊位-岸桥集成分配

泊位和岸桥是集装箱码头非常最要的资源,合理的分派与调度可以有效地提高作业效率.目前泊位和岸桥的集成调度模型中大多以最小化船舶在港总时间或最小惩罚成本为目标函数,忽略了码头对船舶服务的公平性.为此,通过扩展现有的连续泊位分配模型,兼顾船舶惩罚成本及船舶等待与岸桥分配的公平性,建立多目标的连续泊位分配模型.设计一个三阶式邻域搜索算法, 该启发式算法包括邻域搜索安排船序列、停泊位置搜索和分配调整岸桥3个阶段.实验结果显示,不同的邻域策略取得的最优解不同,通过设置最优的邻域策略可以获取最优的目标函数值.实验表明,该模型与算法可以在接受的时间内取得最优解,相关成果可以为码头对船舶服务的公平性研究提供理论依据.     

基于蚁群优化算法的步进式加热炉调度

针对钢铁企业生产中的步进式加热炉调度问题,同时考虑到加热炉的生产能耗与热轧机的生产效率,以板坯的实际加热时间、热轧机等待加热板坯的时间以及加热炉内冷热板坯混装次数最小化为目标,建立了冷热板坯混装模式下的步进式加热炉调度问题的数学模型.并针对模型的特点,设计了求解模型的蚁群优化算法.算法中嵌入基于邻域搜索的局部搜索过程,...     

考虑能耗约束的并行机组批调度

研究并行批处理机的组批调度问题,考虑炉容相同、功率不同的非等同并行机的总能耗约束,考虑工件尺寸和到达时间不同,以最小化最大完工时间为目标建立混合整数规划模型。并行机组批调度问题属于NP-hard问题,采用先组批后调度的两阶段方式求解。组批阶段采用基于FFLPT和BFLPT的启发式规则,调度阶段设计带邻域搜索的粒子群-遗传混合算法对模型进行求解。以轧辊生产企业并行热处理设备为研究案例进行模型和算法验证,分析不同能耗约束下最大完工时间优化值,并比较算法的优化性能。实验结果表明:本文算法提高标准遗传算法的收敛速度,且优于2种启发式算法;能耗与最大完工时间之间存在冲突关系,通过本文的模型和算法得到能耗与最大完工时间的近似Pareto前沿面,可为企业的实际生产提供指导。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to