部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁的负弯矩区裂缝宽度

对4根反向加载的部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁进行单调受弯试验,并对影响组合梁负弯矩区裂缝的因素进行分析.根据试验与理论分析,完善考虑混凝土收缩应力的部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区开裂弯矩计算方法.对负弯矩区不同力比的组合梁裂缝宽度试验观测值与各文献计算值进行对比.结果表明:力比是影响组合梁裂缝发展的主要因素,栓钉的布置和钢梁内充填的混凝土对裂缝的发展也有影响.     

部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁裂缝特征

对5根部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁进行静力加载试验,研究组合梁在负弯矩作用下的混凝土面板的裂缝开裂和发展特征.根据试验结果与理论分析,综合考虑力比、栓钉间距对部分充填混凝土-钢箱连续组合梁裂缝特征的影响,对比负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验值与各文献计算值.结果表明:力比对裂缝最大宽度的影响较大,栓钉可引起次生裂缝的产生,故应将力比及栓钉连接件的间距作为部分充填混凝土-钢箱组合梁中支座区最大裂缝宽度计算的重要参数.     

钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区板裂缝的研究

对四根反向加载钢—混凝土简支组合梁和两根两跨连续钢—混凝土组合梁进行了试验研究，对组合梁负弯矩区的工作性能进行了探讨。结果表明，配筋率、力比及栓钉连接件间距是影响负弯矩区混凝土板裂缝宽度的主要因素。在试验研究的基础上建立了钢—混凝土组合梁负弯矩区平均裂缝间距和裂缝宽度计算公式。根据文中建议公式所得到的计算结果与实测值吻合较好。研究成果已应用于工程设计     

部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁负弯矩下的竖向抗剪强度

为研究新型部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁裂缝开展、局部屈曲过程和竖向抗剪强度,对3根不同配筋率的试验梁进行了两点对称式反向加载试验,得到了试验梁的荷载-跨中挠度曲线、跨中应变分布曲线和剪应变分布曲线,分析了混凝土翼板配筋率和充填区混凝土对组合梁负弯矩区抗剪承载力的影响.通过塑性理论分析推导出抗剪承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合良好.结果表明:在负弯矩作用下,充填区混凝土承担了截面的部分剪力,翼板区纵向钢筋抑制了混凝土翼板开裂,横向钢筋对剪力连接件起到约束作用;以上各项因素共同提高了组合梁的局部稳定性及抗剪承载力.     

后结合预应力组合梁桥的抗裂性能试验

为研究后结合预应力组合梁桥的预压应力分布和负弯矩区抗裂性能，设计2根连续组合试验梁，其中一根为负弯矩区设计成全预应力混凝土板的后结合组合梁，另一根为无预应力的普通组合梁。测试了试验梁在张拉预应力筋和静力加载过程的受力性能，得到负弯矩区截面的应力状态和裂缝分布。试验表明：因钢梁和混凝土板不连接，预压应力由混凝土板承担且混凝土截面的预压应力沿着横向的分布不均匀。后结合预应力组合梁的初始开裂荷载和群钉孔外的开裂荷载分别是普通组合梁的3.1和5.0倍。后结合预应力组合梁抑制裂缝沿着横向贯穿混凝土板，提高了负弯矩区的抗裂性能。混凝土平均裂缝间距约等于横向钢筋间距。后结合预应力组合梁在开裂后的受力状态与普通组合梁类似。     

GFRP-混凝土组合连续板的静力性能试验研究

为提高钢-混凝土组合梁桥桥面板的耐久性,研究GFRP(玻璃纤维增强复合材料)-混凝土组合连续板的变形及裂缝宽度,设计了3片负弯矩区具有不同钢筋配筋率的GFRP-混凝土组合连续板,并对其进行了对称加载试验,重点考察了连续板的破坏模式、变形、裂缝宽度和应变分布等力学特性.结果表明:3片连续板均发生了弯剪破坏;破坏时板端GFRP槽形板与混凝土之间无明显滑移;随着负弯矩区配筋的增强,连续板全过程变形减小;在钢筋屈曲前,连续板正负弯矩区的应变分布基本符合平截面假定.试验研究和理论分析结果的对比表明:可以采用现行桥梁规范中考虑混凝土开裂区域刚度变化的等效刚度计算GFRP-混凝土连续板的等效刚度,并通过文中计算方法获取连续板的变形;此外可以采用现行规范JTG D62—2004中钢筋混凝土的裂缝宽度计算方法计算连续板负弯矩区的混凝土裂缝宽度.     

部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁裂缝特征试验

为研究部分充填式钢箱-混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下混凝土的开裂特征,进行了2根反向加载的简支梁的静载试验。试验结果表明:组合梁混凝土板中的裂缝分布特征与配筋率有关,混凝土在荷载较低时就发生开裂,且裂缝间距与横向钢筋间距有一定的关系;当配筋率较小时混凝土开裂导致其邻近的钢筋应变立刻增加且裂缝分布相对稀疏;随着荷载的逐渐增加,纵向钢筋开始屈服,裂缝迅速发展,裂缝宽度逐渐加宽,增长较快;此外,剪力钉间距、部分填充混凝土的密实度、栓钉数量及布置方式也是影响部分充填式钢箱-混凝土板裂缝宽度的重要因素。     

部分充填砼钢箱连续组合梁抗裂性能分析

针对部分充填砼钢箱连续组合梁裂缝控制问题,开展超高性能混凝土(UHPC)翼板-部分充填砼钢箱连续组合梁抗裂性能研究,探讨该组合梁裂缝控制的新途径.通过3根部分充填砼钢箱连续组合梁试验,得到挠度、滑移和裂缝的开展特征.基于ABAQUS软件建立部分充填砼钢箱连续组合梁有限元分析模型,分析UHPC翼板部分充填砼钢箱连续组合梁关键参数对受力性能的影响.结果表明:负弯矩区采用UHPC翼板能显著提高组合梁抗裂性能;当负弯矩区UHPC翼板长为0.3倍跨径、厚度为1/3翼板总厚时,能满足裂缝控制要求且经济合理;与普通混凝土相比,高应变强化UHPC初裂荷载提升2.3倍,可视开裂荷载提升7.6倍.     

组合钢板梁负弯矩区疲劳损伤效应试验研究

为研究组合钢板梁负弯矩区的疲劳损伤效应,基于某常规跨径组合梁桥结构形式设计了2根不同配筋率组合梁试验模型,在倒置状态下开展了模型梁的初始开裂加载、疲劳加载及极限破坏加载试验,对试件的裂缝发展、挠度、应变等指标进行了观测和分析.试验结果表明,配筋率对组合梁混凝土开裂荷载影响较小,但对后期疲劳裂缝发展速率和裂缝宽度影响较大;疲劳荷载作用下,组合梁挠度和应变响应在达到稳定发展之前,会经历复杂的内力重分布过程,高配筋率试件相比于低配筋率试件有更长的内力调整期;2×106次疲劳试验后,组合梁整体刚度有轻微地退化,但钢梁未出现疲劳开裂.钢梁应变数据的观测以及损伤分析表明,钢梁中性轴指标能较好地反映组合梁负弯矩区的疲劳累计损伤作用.     

纤维混凝土组合桥面板裂缝宽度计算方法

为了考虑纤维混凝土中纤维对裂缝的桥接作用并计入其对抑制组合桥面板混凝土裂缝产生与发展的有利作用,提出了一种纤维混凝土开裂后残余应力的计算方法和考虑残余应力的裂缝宽度计算方法。综合考虑影响混凝土开裂后残余应力f_(R,1)的因素有:纤维屈服应力σ_y、纤维体积率V_f、混凝土抗压强度f_(cm)、纤维长度l_f、纤维特征参数a,推导了上述因素对影响纤维混凝土开裂后残余应力的相关性。基于35组纤维混凝土梁三点加载缺口梁试验数据进行回归分析,并得到了具有95%保证率的f_(R,1)计算公式。在欧洲规范混凝土裂缝宽度计算方法的基础上,考虑纤维混凝土开裂后残余应力的贡献,提出了一种组合桥面板负弯矩区裂缝宽度的计算方法。通过一个纤维混凝土组合桥面板负弯矩加载试验对该计算方法进行验证,结果表明,计算得到的开裂后钢筋应力及裂缝宽度与试验结果吻合较好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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