基于EEMD降噪与二次相位耦合的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承出现故障时故障信号常常被强的背景噪声所淹没,故障特征难以准确提取的问题,提出了一种基于总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)降噪与二次相位耦合的故障诊断方法.对原始信号进行EEMD分解,通过相关系数-峭度值的大小选取EEMD分解后得到的固有模态函数(IMF).对筛选出来的IMF进行了重构从而达到降噪的目的.对重构后的包络信号进行1.5维谱分析,提取二次相位耦合产生的非线性特征,从而得到滚动轴承故障特征频率信息.通过实测滚动轴承数据验证了该方法可以有效地提取轴承内圈和外圈的故障特征,从而识别轴承的故障.     

改进Hilbert-Huang变换的滚动轴承故障诊断

以自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)为基础,提出了一种改进的Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)时频分析法。对滚动轴承振动信号进行CEEMDAN获得一组本征模态函数(IMF)。通过自动提取敏感IMF算法,筛选特征敏感IMF分量,计算特征敏感IMF分量的Hilbert包络谱和HHT二维时频谱,提取故障特征频率信息。研究结果表明:CEEMDAN算法有效降低了模态混叠,比经验模态分解(EMD)算法和集合经验模态分解(EEMD)算法具有优越性。将改进的HHT与自动提取敏感IMF算法相结合,可以有效分解信号的特征信息,筛选出含有故障特征信息的敏感IMF,剔除背景噪声和无故障IMF的干扰,有效提取轴承振动的故障特征频率,诊断出轴承故障的发生部位。     

基于改进小波去噪预处理和EEMD的采煤机齿轮箱故障诊断

针对采煤现场强噪声背景下采煤机齿轮箱振动信号集合经验模态分解(EEMD)故障特征不明显和分解效率较低的问题,提出基于改进小波去噪预处理和EEMD的故障诊断方法。采用小波改进阈值函数法对振动信号进行去噪预处理,与传统小波阈值函数法相比能够有效地提高信号的信噪比。对去噪后的信号进行EEMD分解得到若干个本征模态分量(IMF),计算各IMF分量的相关度并剔除虚假分量。将该方法应用于采煤机齿轮箱行星轮的故障诊断,通过对真实的IMF分量进行频谱分析并提取信号的故障特征频率,与未去噪的信号进行对比。研究结果表明:该方法能够突出故障特征频率,使分解效率提高17.35%,并能进一步减小模态混叠现象。     

基于VMD降噪的RV减速器故障诊断

针对RV减速器内部构造复杂、采集到的振动信号受噪声影响严重及低频故障特征难以提取的问题,提出一种基于小波降噪结合变分模态分解(Variational Modal Decomposition, VMD)的故障诊断方法。首先利用小波降噪法对含噪声的振动信号进行降噪;再通过变分模态分解得到不同频率范围的模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF),计算各目标分量的峭度值和信噪比,选出目标分量并进行快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform, FFT);最后通过减速器模数确定特征频率,可以准确定位RV减速器的故障点。结果表明：该方法较传统的频谱分析可以更有效地提取故障信息,解决了噪声干扰、低频信号调制等问题。     

VMD的时频特性及其在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对在强噪声干扰下的滚动轴承早期故障振动信号信噪比低导致故障特征提取困难的问题,提出了基于变分模态分解和Teager能量算子包络解调的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先利用VMD算法对故障信号进行分解成若干不同频率的本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF);通过峭度准则筛选出峭度值最大的IMF,将其作为故障特征最敏感分量;利用Teager能量算子解调算法对该分量进行包络解调分析,提取调制故障特征.将该方法应用到仿真信号和滚动轴承故障振动信号分析当中,同时与EMD、小波变换方法进行了比较.结果表明,该方法提高了信号的分解效率,在噪声鲁棒性和抑制模态混叠方面具有良好的性能,能够实现滚动轴承故障的精确诊断,具有一定的理论研究意义和工程实用价值.     

基于自适应局部迭代滤波和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取

为了提高滚动轴承的故障特征提取可靠性,该文提出了一种基于自适应局部迭代滤波(Adaptive local iterative filtering,ALIF)和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取的方法。该方法首先利用ALIF将轴承的故障振动信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量,然后对包含故障信息最多的分量进行能量算子解调,得到分量的包络谱来提取轴承的故障特征。仿真结果表明:ALIF能够准确获取IMF分量,解决经验模式分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)带来的模式混叠问题,结合能量算子解调方法能更好地凸显故障信号的包络谱特征,有效地提取轴承故障特征频率。     

基于MED和自适应VMD的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法

为解决变分模态分解(VMD)在行星齿轮箱故障特征频率提取过程出现的鲁棒性低及分解个数不确定的问题,提出一种基于最小熵反褶积(MED)和自适应变分模态分解(AVMD)的齿轮箱故障诊断方法.首先通过MED对信号进行降噪,突出故障信号特征;采用瞬时频率的新定义及变差概念,自适应选择VMD的级数;使用VMD方法将行星齿轮箱的断齿故障信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(IMF)分量;根据相关系数分析选取带有故障信号的IMF分量,对其进行包络谱分析,以提取故障特征频率.仿真信号和试验信号分析结果表明,使用MED去噪后信号的峰值信噪比提高了10%,解决了传统VMD个数经验选择出现的误差问题从而实现此过程自适应化,解决了VMD在强噪声下针对非线性非平稳信号鲁棒性低的问题,准确提取了风电齿轮箱的故障特征频率.     

基于EEMD和小波包变换的早期故障敏感特征获取

提出一种基于总体平均经验模态分解和小波包变换的方法,进行早期故障敏感特征的获取,构建早期故障诊断模型. 该方法首先应用EEMD对现场采集的振动信号进行分解,分离出不同频率成分的特征信号,选择与原信号相关系数最大的 IMF分量进行信息重构;面向重构的IMF分量采用WPT进行分解,得到各个节点的小波系数;最后使用Hilbert变换提取小波包系数的包络,计算功率谱,准确获得早期故障的敏感特征. 通过对仿真信号的分析验证了该方法对故障诊断的有效性. 将该方法应用于实测的滚动轴承的内圈、外圈和滚动体故障诊断,诊断结果均表明该方法可有效提取早期故障敏感特征,故障诊断快速准确.      

基于小波降噪和EMD方法的风力发电系统齿轮箱故障诊断

将小波降噪和经验模态分解相结合,提出一种风电机组齿轮箱故障诊断的方法。先对齿轮故障振动信号进行小波降噪预处理,再进行经验模态分解,对包含故障特征的固有模态函数用Hilbert变换得到包络谱,通过对包络信号做功率谱分析,提取故障特征频率,与未降噪信号处理的结果进行比较,降噪后诊断效果明显。     

基于小波包和EMD的异步电动机轴承的故障诊断方法

异步电动机轴承的故障信号为低频带周期冲击性特征故障数据,呈现非线性特征,倘若对此类特征信息直接做傅里叶变换,会被高频信号调制,使得故障信号严重失真。为此,提出一种新的集有小波包变换、经验模式分解和Hilbert包络谱分析相融合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,旨在消除高频噪声信号,提升故障诊断效果。利用小波包变换对滚动轴承的振动信号进行降噪,使用经验模式分解把降噪后的故障信号分解成多个有效本征模态分量,并对筛选后的故障信号进行重构处理,最后对重构信号做Hilbert包络谱分析,计算得到滚动轴承故障频率。通过实验及分析,结果表明新方法应用效果良好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.