爆炸成型弹丸对含水复合装甲侵彻的实验研究

对用于反舰(潜)复合式鱼雷战斗部的前级聚能装药爆炸成型弹丸进行了成型实验及其对多层含水复合装甲的侵彻实验,利用脉冲X光高速摄影技术和电探针测试技术得到了爆炸成型弹丸的飞行特性和对含水复合装甲的侵彻规律. 实验结果表明,采用变壁厚球缺罩聚能装药战斗部有利于侵彻大间隔含水复合装甲防护结构,为复合式鱼雷战斗部的优化设计提供参考.     

串联EFP形成与侵彻的数值模拟及实验研究

针对单罩及两种复合罩材串联爆炸成型弹丸(EFP)成形和侵彻开展了数值模拟和实验研究,采用脉冲X光摄影获得了EFP成形过程典型时刻图像,同时得到了对钢靶的侵彻效应.对比分析3种结构方案对钢靶的侵彻,结果表明:串联EFP战斗部对钢靶板的侵彻深度比单罩EFP战斗部有较大幅度提高;同时对于串联EFP战斗部的侵彻效果,钢-铜双罩结构要好于钢-钢双罩结构.     

翻转成型大长径比爆炸成型弹丸的数值模拟

以药型罩完全向后翻转方式生成的爆炸成型弹丸(explosively formed penetrator,EFP)通常无法完全闭合,带有较大的中空段,制约了EFP的长径比的进一步提高,而长径比是决定EFP侵彻威力的重要参数之一。对EFP的成型方式和药型罩型式之间的关系进行了分析,以进一步提高EFP的长径比为目标,设计了带有偏心药型罩和复合装药的EFP战斗部方案,以保证翻转后的药型罩完全闭合,进而生成大长径比的EFP。仿真算例表明由Φ190 mm口径EFP战斗部的药型罩转化生成的EFP,长径比为8. 13∶1,对钢靶板的侵彻深度达到1倍战斗部口径,为翻转成型方式在大威力EFP战斗部中的应用提供了技术支撑。     

药型罩结构参数对EFP侵彻能力的影响

该文采用均匀设计方法研究了变壁厚球缺药型罩结构参数对爆炸成型弹丸(EFP)侵彻能力的影响。以变壁厚球缺药型罩的3个主要尺寸参数为优化对象,以EFP对靶板的侵彻深度为指标,应用均匀设计方法设计仿真方案。分别用AUTODYN和SPSS软件对EFP战斗部的爆炸成型进行仿真和回归分析。仿真结果表明,药型罩尺寸的交互效应是影响EFP侵彻能力的主要因素。根据该结果得到最优化的设计方案。对优化方案进行仿真得到的EFP成型与侵彻均比较理想。     

低密度材料用于串联战斗部可行性研究

为研究浮法玻璃、合成树脂和有机玻璃3种低密度材料用于串联战斗部前级药型罩的可行性,用Autodyn-2D对3种低密度射流的成型以及对爆炸反应装甲的引爆过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,与铜射流相比,低密度射流在同等条件下具有更高的头部速度,更大的射流直径以及良好的延展性,并能够快速而且有效的引爆爆炸反应装甲内的装药.初步验证了3种低密度材料用作串联战斗部前级药型罩材料的可行性.     

带尾翼EFP形成的三维数值模拟研究

带尾翼的杆状爆炸成形侵彻体(explosively formed penetrator,简称EFP)具有良好的飞行稳定性和侵彻性能.在对能形成该种类型EFP的战斗部结构形式进行分析的基础上,以两种典型的结构形式(异形壳体和多点起爆)为例,采用AUTODYN-3D软件进行了EFP成形的三维数值模拟,得到了尾部带有不同形状尾翼的爆炸成形侵彻体.计算结果对于EFP战斗部的设计具有重要的参考价值.     

多模毁伤元形成与侵彻效应的数值模拟

研究改变起爆方式使Octol炸药和球缺紫铜药型罩的柱锥型战斗部形成爆炸成型弹丸和杆式侵彻体两种毁伤元,采用AUTODYN-2D软件对点起爆和环形起爆方式下毁伤元形成与侵彻装甲钢靶进行数值模拟,分析起爆位置对毁伤元成形和侵彻能力的影响. 数值模拟结果表明,相同战斗部结构在5Dk(Dk为装药直径)炸高下,理想环形起爆半径条件下形成的杆式侵彻体对装甲钢的侵彻深度约为爆炸成型弹丸侵彻深度的2倍.     

装药间距对串联EFP成型及侵彻效应的影响

为了解决在大块度障碍物上快速开孔且孔深和孔径符合要求的难题,提出了一种前后两级均为爆炸成型弹丸装药的新型串联聚能装药结构。利用LSDYNA3D有限元软件对串联EFP装药的药型罩成型过程进行了数值模拟,并分析了两级装药间距对后级EFP成型的影响,在此基础上开展了串联EFP装药侵彻45# 钢靶试验。结果表明,该串联EFP装药结构可充分发挥前后两级EFP的侵彻能力,改善了串联装药的侵彻效果。     

钢模拟爆炸成形弹丸(EFP)飞行特性及对大间隔靶的侵彻实验

为考察现有设计水平下，爆炸成形弹丸EFP（Explosively Formed Projectiles)的飞行特性及侵彻威力，用37火炮发射长径比为1．5的钢EFP的模拟弹丸，其着靶速度在1．3km左右，对大间隔的多层A3薄钢靶板进行侵彻，弹丸贯穿了5层靶，质量损失较小。利用高速摄影考察了EFP在靶间的飞行姿态变化，分析了EFP对多层大间隔靶侵彻的作用过程及其机理。实验结果和分析表明，所设计的EFP具有较为理想的飞行稳定性，对多层间隔侵彻能力强 ，为设计攻击舰艇等装甲目标的战斗部装药结构提供了较重要的参数。     

非金属射流冲击反应装甲穿而不爆的研究

为比较特氟龙和尼龙两种非金属射流冲击反应装甲穿而不爆的优越性,利用数值仿真和试验研究相结合的方法对两种材料的射流冲击反应装甲进行了研究分析.研究结果表明：非金属射流引起夹层炸药的起爆的因子主要来自于侵彻中的动压力以及面板、背板的对冲击波的反射加剧.对于本研究药型罩材料的选择,并非材料密度越低越适合作为前级聚能装药药型罩材料,还要兼顾射流的侵彻开孔能力,相比之下特氟龙表现出了更好的优越性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-