时效对Ti_3Al—Nb合金显微组织与拉伸性能的影响

研究了Ti_3Al-Nb(Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo)(at％)合金时效过程中组织与性能的变化。结果表明,合金经α_2 β两相区1000℃lh/WQ固溶处理后,分别在650、750和850℃时效24h空冷,会使其析出二次针状α_2相和大量“O”相。随着时效温度的升高,初生α_2相长大,二次针状α_2相和“O”相球化。“O”相除以块状形式存在于初生α_2相周围外,还成片分布于初生α_2相内部。时效温度降低,室温,高温拉伸强度减小,而延伸率逐渐升高。时效态室温拉伸断口形貌为混合型断口。     

Ti-Nb-Fe-Sn合金显微组织和力学性能的研究

研究了Ti-(22, 24, 26, 28)Nb-2Fe-4Sn合金的显微组织和力学性能。使用真空非自耗电弧熔炼炉制备合金铸锭，均匀化处理后对合金铸锭进行冷轧和固溶处理。使用X射线衍射仪和光学显微镜对其物相和微观组织进行分析。通过拉伸试验测定了合金的力学性能，使用扫描电子显微镜观察了拉伸样品断口形貌。结果表明，Ti-(22, 24, 26, 28)Nb-2Fe-4Sn合金具有单一β相。Nb的加入使合金的β相稳定性提高，合金的变形机制由孪晶变形转变为位错滑移变形，孪晶诱导塑性变形使得合金具有较高的伸长率。所有合金拉伸断口呈韧性断裂特征。Ti-26Nb-2Fe-4Sn合金的弹性模量为59 GPa，伸长率为19%，抗拉强度为621 MPa，具有良好的生物医学应用前景。     

Ti--26Nb--4Zr 合金冷轧板材的织构和力学性能

采用 X 射线衍射和室温拉伸方法研究了冷轧变形和固溶处理对 Ti-26Nb-4Zr 合金板材的织构和力学性能的影响.研究发现,50%冷轧时形成了{001}＜uvw＞织构,随着冷变形量的增加,逐渐形成了{121}＜111＞和{001}＜110＞混合织构,＜110＞方向由与轧制方向垂直转到与轧制方向平行.800℃固溶处理后,随着变形量的增加,{111}＜110＞再结晶织构形成并逐渐增强,但＜110＞方向始终保持与轧制方向平行.由于加工硬化及晶粒细化的作用,导致随着变形量增加,冷轧板材的强度逐渐提高,塑性降低.固溶处理后,由于发生再结晶,使得板材的塑性相比冷轧态明显提高.     

固溶处理对TC16钛合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响

通过金相显微镜和室温拉伸性能测试,研究固溶处理对TC16钛合金棒材显微组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:TC16钛合金低于800℃进行固溶处理,初始组织为初生α相和亚稳态β相,随着固溶温度的升高,亚稳态β相会发生α"马氏体转变,温度达到900℃时,α"马氏体析出晶界完整的β相,出现过烧组织,抗拉强度和屈服强度先降后升,温度对塑性影响不大.该合金固溶处理后,冷镦性能差,不同的冷却速度使钛合金有不同的α和β相比率,冷却速度决定β→α转变反应中间相的形成条件,水淬、空冷、炉冷后的TC16钛合金显微组织和拉伸性能差异较大.     

Ti-18Nb-10Zr-(2, 4, 6)Cr合金显微组织和力学性能的研究

不含有毒元素的β钛合金,具有较低的弹性模量和良好的生物相容性等特点,成为近年来研究的热点。采用电弧熔炼制备Ti-18Nb-10Zr-(2, 4, 6)Cr钛合金,均匀化处理后在室温冷轧,随后在800 ℃固溶1 h后淬火。采用光学显微组织（optical microstructure, OM）和X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer, XRD）分析合金显微组织与物相组成,采用维氏硬度计测试合金硬度,采用万能材料试验机进行拉伸测试。结果表明：合金固溶后均显示为单一β相。随着Cr含量的增加,合金的抗拉强度从690 MPa增加到776 MPa,维氏硬度从186增加到235。Ti-18Nb-10Zr-4Cr合金具有较高的强度（699 MPa）、较低的弹性模量（74 GPa）、良好的塑性（19%）和耐磨性,具有良好的生物应用前景。     

烧结温度对Ti-15Nb-25Zr-2Fe合金组织与力学性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备Ti-15Nb-25Zr-2Fe钛合金，研究了烧结温度（800，1 000和1 200 ℃）对合金致密度、相组成、显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：合金的致密度随烧结温度的升高逐渐升高。800 ℃烧结的样品主要由β相、α"相、α相和单质Zr组成。1 000 ℃和1200 ℃烧结的样品主要由β相和α"相组成，α"相含量随烧结温度的升高逐渐降低。三种温度烧结的样品中均观察到未固溶的Nb，其含量随烧结温度的升高逐渐降低。随着烧结温度的升高，合金的抗压强度逐渐升高，塑性先升高后降低。     

Ti_(30)Nb_5Ta_6Zr合金的组织和力学性能研究

根据β稳定化系数kβ和d-电子理论,采用无细胞毒性合金元素Nb、Ta、Zr,设计了具有低弹性模量的新型牙科种植用近β型Ti30Nb5Ta6Zr合金,研究了合金经不同温度固溶和时效处理后的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明,合金固溶后在低温时效时析出ω相导致合金脆性.随时效温度升高,析出相由ω逐步变为α并发生粗化,使合金强度降低,但塑性得到改善.固溶温度过低（700℃）,时效后强度较低 固溶温度过高（850℃）,导致合金出现β脆性.合金在750℃固溶和500℃时效12h后强韧性好,弹性模量低于现有Ti29Nb13Ta4.6Zr合金,综合力学性能可满足牙科种植合金的要求.     

固溶处理对2E12铝合金组织及疲劳断裂行为的影响

通过对2E12铝合金进行493 ℃/20 min和503℃/20 min固溶处理,研究固溶处理对2E12合金室温拉伸及疲劳性能的影响.采用X线衍射分析、扫描电镜和金相分析对合金组织及疲劳断口进行观察.研究结果表明:提高固溶处理温度对合金拉伸性能影响不大,但可明显减少合金中残留相(Al2Cu,A12CuMg)的含量;经503 ℃/20 min处理后合金的拉伸强度较经493℃/20 min处理后合金的拉伸强度略有提高,但其疲劳寿命延长约20％;合金中残留相在疲劳过程中容易开裂形成微小二次裂纹,在主裂纹扩展过程中起到桥接作用,从而加速疲劳裂纹扩展,降低合金疲劳性能.     

固溶温度对Ag2205双相不锈钢组织与性能的影响

通过添加Cu–Ag合金颗粒制备Ag2205双相不锈钢,并分别在1 050,1 075,1 100,1 125和1 150℃对其进行固溶处理;利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉伸试验、电化学工作站及覆膜法等研究固溶温度对Ag2205双相不锈钢组织、力学性能、耐蚀性能及抗菌性能的影响,并与母材2205及Cu2205不锈钢的实验结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,Ag2205材料内γ相体积分数逐渐降低且γ相先变粗后细化,而α相体积分数逐渐提高;此外,微米级的含Ag相主要分布于α基体及α/γ相界处,升高固溶温度会促进Ag相溶解;随着固溶温度的升高,含Ag材料洛氏硬度和抗拉强度均先降低后升高,但伸长率持续增大,当固溶温度为1150℃时,Ag2205综合力学性能最佳且优于母材与含Cu2205材料的力学性能;Ag的加入会降低2205材料的耐蚀性,但提高固溶温度可改善其耐蚀性能,且在1125℃固溶后,其耐蚀性已优于母材耐蚀性;3种材料中,Cu2205材料的耐蚀性最好;当固溶温度大于等于1 075℃时含Ag材料具有优异的抗菌性能,Cu2205材料及母材则不具备抗菌效果。     

固溶处理对Fe-Mn-Al-C钢组织及力学性能的影响

通过XRD,OM,SEM,EDS,EPMA表征了不同铝质量分数(6%,8%,10%)的铸态Fe-Mn-Al-C钢经过不同温度固溶处理1 h后的组织,并对其性能进行了研究,结果表明:不同铝质量分数的Fe-Mn-Al-C钢的硬度经900、950、1 000℃固溶处理后,随固溶温度的升高硬度均表现为先增加后降低.3种钢的硬度在950℃固溶处理时表现为最大值,分别为240、298、337 HV.固溶温度升高时,3种铝质量分数的Fe-Mn-Al-C钢组织中铁素体相体积分数增加,奥氏体相的形貌发生变化;w(Al)=6%的Fe-Mn-Al-C钢的抗拉强度随固溶温度的升高而增大,1 000℃时达到最大值455 MPa;w(Al)=8%的Fe-Mn-Al-C钢抗拉强度随固溶温度升高而降低,但较铸态有所提高;900℃固溶时达到最大值504 MPa.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-