2—乙基—3—羟基—6—苯硫基—4（1H）—吡啶酮对动物实验急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究2－乙基－3－羟基－6－苯硫基－4（1H）－吡啶酮（HPP）对四氯化碳(CCl4),硫代乙酰胺（TAA）及D－氨基半乳糖（D－GalN)引发的小鼠急性肝损伤的影响。方法：用CCl4,TAA,D-GalN引发动物急性肝损伤（D－GalN)引发的小鼠急性肝损伤的影响。方法：用CCl4,TAA,D-GalN引发动物急性肝损伤,HPP通过口服红药,测定动物血清中谷丙转氨酶（GPT）,谷草转氨酶（GOT）,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px) ,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,用硫代巴比妥酸法测定肝组织中丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果：HPP1.6mg.kg^-1,6.4mg.kg^-1显著抑制运物血清中GPT,GOT活性的升高,显著抑制GSH－Px,SOD活性的降低且能降低肝组织中脂质过氧化产物MDA含量的升高,同时HPP对CCl4所致大鼠急性肝损伤也有一定的抑制作用,实验表明HPP对正常小鼠血清及肝脏GPT活力无明显影响,结论：HPP对动物急性肝损伤有明显的抑制作用。     

沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

当今用于治疗肝脏疾病的药物,长期服药会给患者带来负作用,因此寻找新型、安全的天然植物源保肝活性物质具有重要意义.探讨沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,为探索保肝药物提供实验基础.通过小鼠灌胃给药,用四氯化碳(CCl4)制备急性肝损伤模型,用比色法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性和肝脏过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,计算肝指数和进行病理学显微切片观察.实验结果得出:沙棘叶黄酮中剂量组(100 mg/kg)可明显降低损伤小鼠血清AKP、GPT、GOT含量和肝脏MDA含量,提高肝脏POD、SOD活性.说明一定剂量的沙棘叶黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤有保护作用,其机理可能与黄酮的抗脂质过氧化作用有关.     

SMND-309对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

为探索SMND-309对四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用及其可能的保护机制,将昆明小鼠50只随机分为5组,连续7d分别腹腔注射不同剂量的SMND-309,然后腹腔注射CCl4造成急性肝损伤,24h后采血并处死动物,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性、总胆红素(TBIL)含量,肝组织匀浆液中丙二醛(MDA)含量、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和抗氧化酶活性;同时进行肝组织病理学观察.结果发现,与模型组相比,SMND-309给药组血清中ALT、AST、ALP活性和TBIL含量显著降低,肝组织匀浆MDA含量显著减少,GSH含量不同程度的升高;抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),过氧化氢酶(CAT),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx),谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性显著升高.病理切片表明SMND-309给药组肝损伤不同程度的减轻.这些结果表明SMND-309对CCl4诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有很好的保护作用,其作用机理可能与SMND-309的抗氧化活性有关.     

鸡腿菇复合制剂对小鼠肝脏的保护作用

探讨鸡腿菇复合制剂的护肝作用,为鸡腿菇复合制剂的推广应用提供理论基础.通过对昆明小鼠灌胃不同剂量的鸡腿菇复合制剂,测定小鼠的转氨酶(GOT,GPT)、丙二醛(MDA)、抗氧化酶(SOD,GSH-PX)水平,观察肝脏的组织病理变化,研究鸡腿菇复合制剂对CCl4造成的急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏的保护作用.结果表明,灌胃鸡腿菇复合制剂可明显降低血清中转氨酶(GOT,GPT)和肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)的水平(P0.05),提高肝脏中抗氧化酶(SOD,GSHPX)的水平.病理组织切片显示,造模小鼠肝组织存在大面积坏死区域和脂滴累积,鸡腿菇复合制剂在低、中、高三个剂量时均可减轻肝组织受损程度,其中低剂量的效果更为明显,说明鸡腿菇复合制剂对CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠肝脏具有明显的保护作用.     

柿叶提取物对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

探讨了柿叶醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取制剂(EAF)对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.腹腔注射四氯化碳(CCl4)致小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定不同剂量的EAF对血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性,肝超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,同时对肝组织进行病理学检查.结果表明,EAF具有剂量依赖性地降低血清中ALT、AST、AKP值,增强肝中SOD、GPx、CAT的活性,降低肝组织匀浆中MDA的含量,减轻CCl4对肝脏细胞的病理损伤.100mg/kg是EAF对肝损伤的合适保护剂量.适量的EAF对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤有较好的保护作用.     

石榴汁对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

用CCl4构建小鼠急性肝损伤模型,以血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TB)水平和肝组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及光镜下小鼠组织病理变化为评价指标,研究石榴汁对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。结果表明:与模型组相比,石榴汁各剂量组能显著降低血清ALT水平(P0.01),同时显著升高肝组织中GSH-Px(P0.01)和SOD(P0.05)水平,且显著降低MDA含量(P0.01),而石榴汁各剂量组小鼠血清AST、ALP、TB水平和肝脏指数的变化与模型组未形成显著差异(P0.05)。从病理切片上分析,石榴汁也能明显减轻肝损伤程度。因此,石榴汁对CCl4致急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

过度训练对肝组织损伤机制的实验研究

观察了过度训练后肝脏组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的变化．结果显示：过度训练后大鼠肝组织MDA含量和血清GPT活性显著上升，肝组织GSH含量和SOD活性显著下降．结果表明，过度训练后肝脏自由基代谢发生了紊乱，表现为自由基生成增加而消除能力下降，肝脏组织发生了自由基损伤．     

反式白藜芦醇对化学诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的预防研究

研究反式白藜芦醇对四氯化碳（CCl4）所致小鼠急性化学性肝损伤的保护作用．方法雄性昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为正常对照组、急性化学性肝损伤模型组、联苯双酯阳性对照组（15mg／kg）以及反式白藜芦醇低、中、高剂量组（10、15、20mg／kg）共6组．测定并比较各组小鼠肝脏系数,血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性与丙二醛（MDA）含量;测定肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活性、MDA含量以及组织病理系数．结果反式白藜芦醇各剂量组均能升高急性化学性肝损伤小鼠血清与肝组织SOD、GSH-Px活性（P〈0．01）,降低血清ALT、AST活性（P〈0．01）和血清与肝组织MDA含量（P〈0．01）,并能不同程度地改善肝脏病理组织损伤．结论反式白藜芦醇对CCl4所致急性化学性肝损伤具有预防性保护作用．     

纳米二氧化钛对小鼠肺、脑和肝脏组织的影响

研究不同剂量的纳米二氧化钛颗粒对小鼠肺、脑及肝脏组织的影响. 给小鼠一次性腹腔注射不同剂量的纳米二氧化钛颗粒溶液,14 d 后测定小鼠脑、肺组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 和还原型谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的浓度,并测定肝脏中谷草转氨酶(GOT)及谷丙转氨酶(GPT)的活性. 结果表明,给予纳米二氧化钛颗粒后,小鼠肺及脑组织中的抗氧化酶--SOD,GPX和CAT 的活性及 MDA 浓度都呈现出一定的变化.肝脏中GOT,GPT的活性显著增高.纳米二氧化钛颗粒对肝脏有一定损害作用,并能造成脑、肺组织的氧化防御体系失衡,使抗氧化酶活性及比例失调,氧化损伤程度因组织器官的不同而不同.     

柿叶总黄酮的制备及对肝损伤的保护作用

以75%乙醇为溶剂提取、聚酰胺型大孔树脂柱初步纯化,制得柿叶总黄酮;采用四氯化碳(CCl4)诱使昆明种小鼠急性肝损伤模型,研究柿叶总黄酮对肝脏的保护作用。结果显示,柿叶总黄酮能够明显减轻CCl4诱使的肝损伤,降低血清中ALT、AST活性和肝组织MDA含量,提高肝组织中SOD和CAT活性,且存在明显的剂量效应关系。上述结果表明柿叶总黄酮对CCl4所致急性肝损伤具有强的保护作用,作用机制可能与其对脂质氧化的抑制作用及其抗氧化活性有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with