加装叶片涡流发生器对变桨距风力机功率的影响

以风力机专用厚翼型DU99-W-405LM为对象,采用CFD方法对洁净翼型段及安装涡流发生器后的翼型段进行数值模拟.研究结果表明:在一定攻角范围内涡流发生器可有效推迟流动分离,提高翼型升力,降低阻力,改善叶片气动性能,并揭示了涡流发生器控制流动分离的机理.通过甘肃西滩风场1.5 MW风机安装涡流发生器前后功率试验数据对比分析,表明在风速7～10 m/s风力机功率增量最大,最大值达到181.42 kW,比安装前功率提高了28.8%,试验数据表明安装涡流发生器改善叶片的气动特性是有效的,可以提高风力机机组发电功率.     

叶根前缘VG对微型轴流风扇性能的影响

为降低微型轴流风扇叶根端壁区域二次流所引起的损失,根据涡流发生器的流动控制思想,提出一种在叶根前缘压力面侧设置微型直板的新型流动控制方法;以某微型轴流风扇为研究对象,采用数值模拟结合实验的方法,重点分析了不同安装角的涡流发生器对轴流风扇气动性能及内部流场的影响;研究结果表明：涡流发生器存在提高风扇静压与静压效率的最佳几何安装角,涡流发生器会对叶轮内部流场产生影响,由涡流发生器所形成的诱导涡与压力侧马蹄涡分支进行掺混,会削弱马蹄涡的强度,在一定程度上抑制了由马蹄涡参与演变成的通道涡的发展,使叶轮流道中流体进行再分配;在宏观方面,结构匹配的涡流发生器可提高风扇的气动性能,当涡流发生器安装角度为15°时,在风扇高效运行区间内同原型风扇相比,安装涡流发生器的风扇其静压最多提高8%,静压效率最大可提升2.4%。对于大轮毂比微型轴流风扇,由通道涡所引起的二次流损失不容忽视,同时在对叶轮进行设计优化时应重视叶根端壁处的结构设计。     

基于涡流发生器的Ahmed模型分离流被动控制实验

能源危机和环境恶化使人们意识到提高车辆燃油经济性的必要性,从而推动了车辆气动减阻技术的研究。选择具有尾部典型特征的30°倾角Ahmed模型为研究对象,通过在模型尾部安装涡流发生器控制装置,利用七孔探针测试技术研究了涡流发生器不同排列方式对尾流场的控制特性。结果表明,在实验状态下,Ahmed模型尾部存在大范围低压分离区,该分离区长度约为模型总长度的50%,是形成压差阻力的主要原因;涡流发生器排列方式对模型的尾流结构影响较大,当涡流发生器产生的流向涡与模型尾部分离涡运动方向相同时,分离流动控制效果明显,流向涡使得沿车身底层的动量掺混作用增强,模型尾流区的相对压差恢复系数可增加6.94%,尾流区长度降低40%;与之运动方向相反的流向涡会对模型尾部的分离涡运动产生阻碍作用,导致模型尾部流场中的压力降低。     

边界条件对多年冻土区高速公路整体式和分离式路基热稳定性的影响

根据青藏高原不同年平均地温区域多年冻土的长期监测资料及附面层理论,分别建立整体式和分离式路基计算模型,分析气候变暖和工程活动作用下多年冻土的变化过程。考虑采用分离式路基来弱化宽幅整体式路基所引起的"聚热效应",分析不同年平均地温和隔离带宽度下分离式路基对多年冻土的影响。研究结果表明:与窄幅路基相比,宽幅路基具有强烈的吸热特性,导致下部多年冻土退化严重。在路基修筑后第50年,年平均地温为-0.5,-1.0,-1.5和-2.0℃区域的宽幅路基中心下部多年冻土上限比窄幅路基的分别低2.73,3.66,3.67和2.60 m,宽幅路基下部6 m深度多年冻土地温比窄幅路基的分别高0.61,0.87,0.82和0.48℃;两幅分离式路基之间存在相互热干扰作用,使得路基两侧土体温度场呈现明显的不对称性;随着年平均地温的降低和隔离带宽度的增加,路基两侧土体温度场的不对称性逐渐减弱,即两幅路基之间的相互热干扰作用减小。因此,拟建青藏高速公路可使用分离式路基来代替整体式路基进行修筑,且年平均地温和隔离带宽度是分离式路基修筑所要考虑的重要因素。     

S弯扩压管主动流动控制研究

对一S弯扩压管内加装涡流发生器后的流场进行了研究.采用非结构网格、标准κ-ε湍流模型,求解了三维N-S方程.首先计算了光滑管道内的流动情况,然后在此基础上计算了四种加装涡流发生器后管道内的流动情况.通过光滑管道和加涡流发生器后管道出口截面参数的对比看出,涡流发生器能够有效的降低畸变,但是对于提高总压恢复效果不明显.     

江坪河预应力闸墩动力响应分析

基于有限单元法,采用振型分解反应谱法对江坪河水电站溢洪道控制段闸墩的动力特性进行了分析,比较了在分离式模型和整体式模型下的自振频率、位移、应力成果.结果表明:分离式模型的自振频率比整体式模型的稍大;两种模型在地震作用下各个方向的位移峰值相差不大,出现的位置大体一致;两种模型在地震作用下左右闸墩、锚块的应力相差不大.接触模型(锚块底部与相应闸墩顶面按接触状态非线性考虑)是最符合实际情况的,但计算量很大,近似考虑可以用分离式模型代替接触模型.     

多段翼型的一种增升控制方法

如何在提高增升装置性能的同时降低机构的重量和复杂程度有着重要的意义。采用CFD手段对一种在多段翼型主翼后缘凹陷处加薄片(cover tab)的主动控制方法进行了数值研究。以Gaw—1两段翼型为基准翼型,对不同参数组合的tab构型进行了计算。最佳构型是在主翼后缘凹陷处距离后缘1%主翼弦长处增加高度为0.5%主翼弦长的tab,增加最大升力系数4.88%。结合计算结果对这种主动控制技术方法的参数对流动的影响以及改善流动的机理等做了探讨。计算结果表明,该方法可以改善后缘襟翼上翼面的流动,推迟流动的分离,从而增加多段翼型的最大升力系数。     

矩形涡流发生器结构参数对圆形换热管传热特性的影响

为了提高圆形换热管的换热效率,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,对内置矩形涡流发生器的圆形换热管进行了数值模拟研究,分析了涡流发生器长高比L/H和攻角β对流动和传热特性的影响。结果表明:V型排布的4个矩形涡流发生器产生了两对反向旋转的纵向涡流,增强了冷热流体的混合,改善了圆管内的场协同,提高了换热性能。随着涡流发生器长高比L/H的增加,换热管努塞尔数( Nu )、摩擦因子( f )和综合性能评价指标(PEC)均增大;但是综合性能评价指标(PEC)的增加幅度逐渐减小,当L/H = 2时,换热管具有较好的综合性能。随涡流发生器攻角β的增大,综合性能PEC先增大后减小,当攻角β = 30°时,多数工况下PEC具有最大值,换热管具有最佳综合性能。     

矩形通道中涡流发生器换热性能的实验研究与模拟

通过换热实验和CFD模拟,在Re=150~1,200范围内对布置有斜截式半椭圆柱型涡流发生器的矩形换热通道内的流动和换热特性进行研究,并对其强化换热机理进行了分析.结果表明,布置有涡流发生器的换热通道较光滑通道Nu增加,压降增大,并且强化效果随Re增大而增强.在涡流发生器布置处产生了纵向涡,使截面涡量值大幅增加,从而强化了换热过程.     

U型电驱集气站钢框架结构动力性能

本文依据中石油西气东输二线(甘肃-陕西段)天然气电驱集气站的工程应用背景,以较为复杂的U型电驱集气站为例,通过利用有限元软件ANSYS,建立其三种(分离式、整体式、耦合方法)钢框架结构的三维空间有限元模型,完成其整体结构的动力学特性分析。主要分为抗风、抗震两大研究内容,以抗震为主,对多种抗震分析方法进行对比,最终进行综合评定。得出结论：整体式建模分析结果优于分离式,且耦合模型与整体式模型结果相似,所以工程中部件之间的加固措施显得尤为必要;抗震分析中谱分析更为实用,该套动力性能分析方法可在此类工程分析中推广。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-