配电线路防雷措施简介

雷电对电力设备有很大的危害性,配电网防雷的目的是使线路的雷害跳闸次数减少到最低限度,配电线路设备损害几率最小,本文对如何防止配电线路及其相关设备遭受雷电袭击进行了分析。其中,重点分析了10kV架空绝缘导线雷击断线的防护措施。     

6～10 kV配电变压器接线方式研究

通过对Y，yn0接线与D，yn11接线配电变压器在3n次谐波、低压侧单相接地、承受不平衡负荷的能力、防雷及绝缘性能的分析与比较，提出在我国配电系统中应加快推广D，ya11接线配电变压器的必要性。     

配电变压器防雷保护措施分析

配电变压器的防雷保护一般比较简单,仅仅在高压进线处装一组FS阀型碳化硅避雷器,这类防雷保护装置在运行过程存在一些缺陷,防雷效果不理想。雷击事故占配电变压器事故总数的30%以上。并且有逐年上升的趋势。因此,提高配电变压器的防雷可靠性迫在眉睫。为了防止雷电波对配电变压器的侵害,保证配电变压器安全运行,本文介绍了配电变压器防雷保护措施的应用,可以提高配电变压器防雷水平的效果。     

配电变压器防雷保护措施分析

配电变压器的防雷保护一般比较简单,仅仅在高压进线处装一组FS阀型碳化硅避雷器,这类防雷保护装置在运行过程存在一些缺陷,防雷效果不理想.雷击事故占配电变压器事故总数的30%以上,并且有逐年上升的趋势.因此,提高配电变压器的防雷可靠性迫在眉睫.为了防止雷电波对配电变压器的侵害,保证配电变压器安全运行,本文介绍了配电变压器防雷保护措的应用,可以提高配电变压器防雷水平的效果.     

配电变压器防雷保护措施分析

雷击和过电流是配电变压器稳定运行的主要伤害类型,只有做到对配电变压器防雷保护的全面分析,才能更好地认识防雷保护的重要作用,进而才能够探讨有效的配电变压器防雷保护措施。该研究从配电变压器雷电损害的分析入手,对配电变压器防雷保护的相关措施展开了研讨,分析了配电变压器实际防雷保护的技巧和措施,希望能够在制度、方法和技巧上提升配电变压器防雷保护能力,做到配电变压器在各类环境中的安全运行。     

配电变电站典型接线的可靠性非同调元件辨识

由于配电变电站接线形式、断路器等设备可靠性参数及负荷水平等因素,电力系统中可能存在可靠性非同调元件。辨识出可靠性非同调元件并使其退出运行可有效改善系统可靠性。给出了配电变电站可靠性非同调的定义,以及可靠性非同调概率、频率及非同调电量等指标用以描述系统的可靠性非同调程度,基于变电站电气主接线可靠性评估原理给出配电变电站非同调元件辨识方法。理论分析和算例表明：配电变电站高压侧母联断路器在单台变压器容量满足负荷需求时可能成为可靠性非同调元件,且断路器等设备可靠性参数对系统可靠性非同调特性具有一定影响。     

配电网防雷设备及关键防雷技术

<正>雷害一直是影响配电网安全稳定的重要因素,国内外对配电网防雷设备及关键防雷技术进行了大量研究,也采取了大量的措施,但因缺少针对性,其效果并不明显。由于配电线路传输距离长,架设地形比较复杂,容易遭受雷击,通常通过加强线路绝缘水平和在连接配电设备处安装避雷器来防止雷过电压的影响。但这种方法会导致雷电流无法正常泄放,从而引发雷电侵入波对变电站系统造成更大的危害。     

油浸式配电变压器过载能力研究

油浸式配电变压器过载运行时热点温度急剧上升,造成其机械特性劣化、绝缘老化、寿命缩短。基于GB/T 1094.7—2008标准中热点温度计算模型对不同负载类型下配电变压器过载能力进行了评估,从容许过载倍数和容许过载时间角度进行理论分析;并在此基础上对油浸式配电变压器过载能力的影响因素进行了讨论,为电网中油浸式配电变压器的安全运行提供了指导。     

配电变压器并联运行时的合理配置

在一、二类用电负荷的配电系统中,为提高负荷供电可靠性一般均设置两台配电变压器.即一台运行,另一台作为这台配电变压器故障时的备用.另外在年运行负荷不平衡(即存在季节性负荷)的用电负荷中,以经济运行为目的而设置两台不同容量配电变压器.笔者针对这两种不同目的配电变压器设置就其容量、技术参数以及系统接线不同进行探讨,以求系统配电设计合理性.     

配电变压器常规防雷措施存在问题的分析与对策

江门地区平均年雷暴日高达78天,属雷暴天气频繁地区,而同时由于配电变压器分布点多面广,布点地形复杂,虽然我局已采取多种常规的防雷措施．但配电变压器遭受雷击故障的问题仍然突出,对供电可靠性和设备安全运行影响很大。因此采用更为先进的防雷技术,不断加强配变的防雷水平．对于防止雷击对配电变压器的危害、提高供电可靠性有重要意义。本文在对常规配电变压器防雷性能不佳的原因进行深入分析的基础上．提出了对新型Yzn11联结防雷变压器、附加防雷绕组防雷变压器、内藏避雷器型防雷变压嚣等新设备的应用,对于配变防雷方面有一定的参考价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to