长白山珍稀林木资源现状及恢复对策

目前,长白山森林的树种组成和林龄结构出现严重失衡:20世纪60年代以来,以红松针阔叶混交林为主的森林顶级群落在加速消失,包括红松在内的重要用材树种所占比例减少,大龄级林木蓄积急剧萎缩.其中,仅红松面积就减少了70.4%; 2015年调查表明,各树种中、幼龄林占比达到57.08%,且人工纯林面积增多,长白山森林的质量和功能正处于较低水平;长白山林区原生境重要的用材树种、特用树种及伴生树种有46种达到珍贵和濒危程度.分析珍稀濒危树种的濒危原因,针对保育现状、科研现状提出恢复对策.     

新农村能源结构调整的生态效益分析

对恩施市三龙坝村新农村建设能源结构调整的生态效益进行了分析,结果显示新农村建设后,能源结构发生了较大变化,其中以沼气建设的核心工程促进了新型清洁能源的普及使用,沼气池普及率达60%以上,三龙坝村一次能源煤用量增加17.4%,薪炭材用量减少39.2%,二次能源煤气用量减少58.33%,电能用量增加286.90%,三龙坝村节约薪炭材量899985.1 kg,相当于保护森林面积13.864 hm2,占三龙坝村面积的0.88%,用煤量增加536964.54kg,SO2排放量增加30070 kg,烟尘排放量增加16444.54 kg,沼气节肥效益共计346.05万元.说明三龙坝村通过新农村建设,尽管能源结构发生了根本性变化,但对生态环境的影响尚处于不稳定的状态之中,还有增加清洁能源的发展空间.     

扩散过程最小自由能减少率的研究

仿照扩散不可逆过程最小熵产生定理的推导方法,对扩散不可逆过程的最小自由能减少率进行了研究,并且将最小自由能减少率与最小熵产生定理进行了比较.为用辅助热力学函数自由能来研究扩散过程提供了有益的参考.     

陕西省人均粮食与人均耕地变化研究

对陕西省人均粮食及人均耕地变化进行了时空差异分析,结果表明:(1)近50余年的绝大多数年份为人均粮食占有量的递增期,且不同时段的增幅不同;粮食增长率大于人口增长率的时期,对应人均粮食的增长时期;(2)1978—1998年绝大多数地、市人均粮食递增,且地域差异明显;(3)近50多年来全省耕地面积总体逐年递减,近10年来减少之势加剧;同期人口数量的持续增长,造成人均耕地面积急剧减少.相关回归分析显示:各地、市人均粮食绝对增量与其相对增量之间呈正相关,人均粮食增加量占粮食增量的份额整体偏低;提高粮食生产水平及控制人口是增加全省人均粮食占有量的重要途径.     

江苏省农村人口与农村居民点时空变化及耦合关系

基于2009-2016年的农村人口和土地利用数据,探讨了江苏省农村人口和农村居民点用地的时空变化趋势,并构建协调度评价模型分析两者之间的耦合关系.研究结果表明:2009-2016年江苏省农村人口数量持续减少,年均减少率为3%,由3 429.68万人减少到2 581.95万人;2009-2016年江苏省农村居民点用地面积持续增长,年均增长率为0.3%,由102.77万hm~2增长到105.28万hm~2;2009-2016年江苏省农村人口数量与农村居民点用地面积耦合关系失调,土地利用效率低下.     

南口镇:荣膺“文化旅游专业镇”称号

正南口镇位于梅州市梅县区西南部,地处城郊,交通便利、生态良好、人文毓秀。全镇下辖46个村、3个居委会,人口7.5万多人,总面积262.5km~2,素有"文化之乡、华侨之乡、足球之乡"的美誉,是广东梅州文化旅游特色区的重要组成部分,也是梅州市特大镇和重点发展镇、中国最美历史文化小镇。全镇山林面积达1.85万公顷,森林覆盖率达70.4%,境内生态环境良好,风     

非常科学课堂

老虎为什么要受保护 近百年来．地球上人口不断增加，森林面积日渐减少，老虎的生态环境遭到严重破坏，加上人们的不断捕杀，老虎的数量越来越少．所以各国都制定了相应的珍惜动物保护法规。在我国，老虎被列为一类保护动物，任何单位和个人不能加以随意猎杀。     

白城市林改主体改革主要做法、成效及配套改革建议

白城市集体林权制度改革工作从2009年4月20日开始全面启动实施,在市委、市政府的正确领导下,在市集体林权制度改革领导小组及办公室的精心组织指导下,经过市、县、乡各级党委、政府、村委会、林业部门和有关方面的共同努力,取得了显著成效。全市7个县（市、区）、开发区的75个乡（镇）、884个村、94万人参改人口,     

新疆湿地资源存在的生态环境问题及保护对策

湿地与森林、海洋一起并称为全球三大生态系统。新疆湿地类型多样同时具有自己独特性,河流湿地、湖泊湿地、沼泽湿地、库塘湿地、其它湿地并存。由于自然环境恶劣,人口增加及对湿地的不合理开发利用致使新疆湿地面积缩减,生物多样性受到挑战,局部气候发生变化。在分析新疆湿地资源开发产生的生态环境问题的基础上,探讨湿地保护的对策有建立湿地自然保护区;加大宣传力度,提高全民保护湿地意识;严格限制对湿地周边非法开垦;开展湿地科学研究和建立湿地资源监测体系。     

广东省森林资源评价与发展对策

利用广东省1996年～2004年森林资源统计资料，对森林资源动态变化进行了论述和分析：林业用地面积减少2.820 0×10^4hm^2;有林地面积增加1.849 0×10^6hm^2;森林覆盖率提高1.1%;无林地面积减少1.171 0×10^5hm^2;森林蓄积量增加8.382 2×10^7m^3;消耗量小于生长量.同时利用广东省2004年森林资源统计资料，并引用其他公开发表文献里的数据，具体阐明了广东森林资源现状，从林地利用率、森林结构、分布、蓄积量等角度对广东省森林资源进行了评价;并对今后发展方向作了论述.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.