红腹角雉（Tragopan temminckii）的孵卵和育雏行为研究

于2005年4-7月、2006年3-7月,采用焦点动物取样法和所有事件取样法对四川老君山自然保护区红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)的孵卵和育雏行为进行了研究.对3个孵化期内的树上巢分别观察16、5和9 d,记录到典型行为8种.观察的时段包括孵卵中期、孵卵后期和巢内育雏期.孵卵中、后期以出雏前7 d为界,中、后期之间的行为频次和累计时间均存在明显差异.Spearman秩相关检验显示翻卵日频次和日翻卵时间与观察时间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).离巢时间和平均气温存在极显著正相关(P<0.01).孵卵期间日离巢0～2次,通常在上午和傍晚离巢,离巢平均时间(27.6 ± 4.4) min (n=29).离巢率孵化中期为4.86%,孵化后期为5.37%.雏鸟在巢期间为(3754.5±42.5) min (n=2),此期雌鸟不离巢,行为复杂.     

小麦品种（系）叶绿素含量变化及其与光合叶面积关系研究

对3种类型11个小麦品种（系）的叶绿素含量变化及其与光合叶面积关系进行了研究。结果表明,中粒型品种（系）的叶绿素（a b）高峰出现早,且生育后期下降快;小粒型和大粒型品种（系）叶绿素（a b）高峰出现较迟。为同类型品种（系）叶绿素（a/b）值在整修生育期呈下降趋势,中粒型品种（系）的chl(a/b）均低于另外两种类型品种（系）。高产品种生育后期叶绿素含量高值期持续时间长,叶绿素（a/b0低。多元相关分析表明,在籽粒灌浆期,叶绿素（a b）值呈显著负相关;叶绿素（a b）值与旗叶面积呈显著负相关。小麦育种上应选择生育后期叶绿素（a b）较高,叶绿素(a/b）值低,且旗叶面积相对较大的品种。     

陕西青木川自然保护区川金丝猴的昼间时间分配和活动节律

2005-2006年,在陕西省青木川自然保护区使用瞬时扫描取样法研究了野生川金丝猴的时间分配与活动节律。结果表明,取食、移动和休息构成了川金丝猴日活动的主体。川金丝猴用于移动和取食的时间占总活动时间的76.5%,其次是休息行为占14.4%,理毛行为占6.4%,玩耍行为1.3%,警戒行为1.1%。冬季和夏季,川金丝猴花费在各种行为的时间比例存在明显的差异。取食行为和交配行为没有显著差异。冬季,休息和理毛行为显著增多;而移动行为、玩耍行为和警戒行为显著减少。每天上午和下午,川金丝猴分别有一个取食高峰。夏季取食高峰分别发生在8:00-9:00与16:00-18:00;冬季取食高峰分别发生在9:00-10:00与16:00-18:00。冬季和夏季,川金丝猴昼间均有一个明显的休息高峰,夏季在13:00-14:00时间段,冬季在11:00-13:00时间段。冬季和夏季,川金丝猴群昼间均有2个明显的移动行为发生高峰,夏季在9:00-11:00和15:00-16:00时间段,冬季在8:00-9:00和15:00-16:00时间段。移动高峰期川金丝猴群在取食点之间进行长距离的群体迁移。冬季理毛行为高峰发生在11:00-12:00与17:00-18:00时间段。夏季理毛行为的高峰发生在下午14:00-15:00与16:00-18:00时间段。     

圈养大熊猫刻板行为观察及其激素水平测定

采用聚焦动物取样(Focal sampling)和连续记录法(Continuous recording)于2003年3-4月的周六及7月22-29日9:00-16:00对北京动物园3只成年圈养大熊猫的刻板行为进行了观察,同时在各观察时段采集粪便样品,采用放射免疫测定法(RIA)测定粪便样品中肾上腺糖皮质激素(Cor)的质量分数w(Cor).结果表明:圈养大熊猫刻板行为发生频次(次·h-1)高峰期在14:00-15:00,刻板行为持续时间较长的高峰分别在9:00-10:00和15:00-16:00,该时段与人工投食的时间相吻合.在昼间刻板行为发生的低峰期(11:00-12:00)和高峰期(15:00-16:00),其发生频次和持续时间所占比例与w(Cor)并无显著相关关系(r=0.5,0.5,0.5,P＞0.05,n=3),但在其他时间段两者极其显著相关(P＜0.01).研究结果表明刻板行为的发生是由于环境胁迫所导致的Cor水平上升和不合理的管理方式引起的.     

山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis在西藏拉萨市郊的繁殖生态

山斑鸠在拉萨地区是一种夏候鸟,每年的4月初开始迁入拉萨。它们在人工林、沙棘林和高山灌丛营巢和夜宿,以林间空地、农田、河滩以及荒地为主要的取食地。巢置于较高的树木或郁闭度大的树上,4月底开始筑巢,营巢期一般为6-8d左右;巢平均大小为21.85(16-27)cm×3.07(2-4)cm,离地高为350(200-527)cm,巢重为54.3g(52-64)。5月初产卵,日产一枚,平均窝卵数为2枚(21巢),卵平均重量为10.36g(8.5-12),平均大小为33.27(27-37)×22.6(23-26)mm。孵化期为16-17d,13巢的统计平均孵化率仅为60%。育雏期为16-18d,离巢率为56%。雌雄鸟均参加孵卵和育雏。人为干扰和不良的天气是影响巢成功率的主要因子。     

山斑鸠Streptopelia orientalis在西藏拉萨市郊的繁殖生态

山斑鸠在拉萨地区是一种夏候鸟,每年的4月初开始迁入拉萨。它们在人工林、沙棘林和高山灌丛营巢和夜宿,以林间空地、农田、河滩以及荒地为主要的取食地。巢置于较高的树木或郁闭度大的树上,4月底开始筑巢,营巢期一般为6-8d左右;巢平均大小为21.85(16-27)cm×3.07(2-4)cm,离地高为350(200-527)cm,巢重为54.3g(52-64)。5月初产卵,日产一枚,平均窝卵数为2枚(21巢),卵平均重量为10.36g(8.5-12),平均大小为33.27(27-37)×22.6(23-26)mm。孵化期为16-17d,13巢的统计平均孵化率仅为60%。育雏期为16-18d,离巢率为56%。雌雄鸟均参加孵卵和育雏。人为干扰和不良的天气是影响巢成功率的主要因子。     

圈养山魈昼夜活动节律的研究

2001年1-9月，在成都动物园用扫描取样法对人工饲养条件下7只（6♀♀，1♂♂）山魈的昼夜活动节律进行了观察．结果表明：山魈一天的活动时间集中在7：00-20：00，占总活动时间的95．30％，活动高峰有2个，最高峰16：00-18：00，次高峰9：00-10：00；12：00-14：00是白天活动的低谷，夜晚几乎都为睡眠；季节不同昼夜节律有变化，夏季每天开始活动的时间早，休息时间晚，冬季则相反，每天开始活动的时间延迟，休息时间提早．     

离子束介导的小麦低蛋白变异株系NRA、叶绿素含量动态分析

对离子束介导大豆DNA的小麦后代低蛋白质变异株系的旗叶硝酸还原酶活性(nitrate reductase ac-tivity NRA)、叶绿素含量进行分析.结果表明:株系05-49的NRA从抽穗中期至灌浆后期均高于对照,灌浆末期低于对照;株系05-14从扬花中期至灌浆中期均低于对照,灌浆后期至末期均高于对照.叶绿素总含量、叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量,株系05-14在被检测的各时期均高于对照,株系05-49仅在灌浆末期低于对照,其它各时期均高于对照.两变异株系叶绿素a/b值均低于对照.     

庞泉沟自然保护区褐马鸡的家鸡代孵暨育雏初步研究

我们于1990—1993的3年间在庞泉沟自然保护区分别对褐马鸡的家鸡代孵暨育雏进行了初步研究.结果表明:整个孵化期为27.5(21.1—28.1)天,大致分为初期(1—9天),中期(10—20天),后期(21—28天).其受精率为68.5%,孵化率为56.3%.初期:孵化温度为39.30℃,湿度为69.60%,凉蛋温度(最低温度)为21.20℃,中期:孵化温度为38.45℃;后期:孵化温度为34.05℃,湿度为66.80%,凉蛋温度为21.00℃,孵化平均温度为37.27℃,平均温度为70.77%,凉蛋平均温度为23.30℃.育雏采用自然育雏与半人工育雏两种方法.自然育雏的平均密度为0.10—0.18只/米~2.初期日粮:10g蚂蚁卵1天,以后逐渐增加,育雏期为40天.半人工育雏:平均密度为4只/米~2,温度为50—60%,饮水为1/1000的青霉素温开水,喂食:2颗熟鸡蛋/天、只,以及不定量的小米、光照,1—3天24小时/100瓦,以后逐天减1小时到10小时,温度,第一周为34—35℃,以后2—3天降温1℃到恒温机制建立(14天左右),育雏期为45天.     

木槿花期花瓣生理生化变化的研究

为探明高等植物花期花瓣的生理生化动态变化,以木槿花为材料,测定了自然花期中花瓣部分生理生化指标.结果表明:在整个木槿单花花期(一个白昼)中,花瓣浸出液的相对电导率(REC)和花瓣中丙二醛(MDA)含量持续上升,在花瓣开始萎蔫的20:00时达到最高峰;花瓣中花青素含量在8:00~10:00时较低,12:00时含量升高并维持平台期,18:00时后迅速下降;花瓣中还原性糖含量和花瓣干鲜比(DW/FW)的变化均为单峰曲线,DW/FW峰值出现在16:00时,还原性糖含量14:00时最高;花瓣超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率的变化为双峰曲线,峰值分别在8:00时与16:00时、12:00时与16:00时.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~