多裂纹板的应力强度因子研究

工程构件含有多个裂纹的现象非常普遍,这类构件的安全显得非常重要。构件的安全与否取决于裂纹尖端附近的应力场和应变场。应力强度因子是用来表征裂纹顶端附近应力应变场强度的有效参量。所以,研究裂纹体的应力强度因子是保证裂纹体安全的重要工作。     

冲击载荷作用下含裂纹构件强度计算的试探

基于对冲击载荷作用下动态断裂应力强度因子变化规律的分析，回避了动态断裂极其复杂的计算。从工程应用的实际意义出发，以不允许发生动态断裂为原则，提出限制结构初始裂纹在动载荷下计算动态应力强度因子的简化公式，建立计算含裂纹结构或构件的剩余强度条件。     

Ⅰ型裂纹尖端圆弧对应力强度因子的影响

应力强度因子表征了裂纹尖端奇异应力场的强度,它是研究裂纹扩展规律和带裂纹构件强度的基础。本文采用有限元法,对受均布荷载作用存在边缘Ｉ型裂纹的平面板进行了数值分析。研究了裂纹尖端圆弧对应力强度因子的影响,分别计算了具有不同裂尖圆弧 的Ｉ型裂纹的应力强度因子。采用应力法计算不同半径处的表观应力强度因子,插值到裂尖圆弧而得。根据计算结果,绘制KⅠ-r0曲线,利用最小二乘法拟合至尖裂纹（r0=0）即得理想尖裂纹的应力强度因子,与解析解相差仅0.7%。该曲线为带圆弧裂纹的应力强度因子测试和带圆弧裂纹构件强度计算提供了依据     

Ⅰ型裂纹尖端圆弧对应力强度因子影响的数值研究

应力强度因子表征了裂纹尖端奇异应力场的强度,它是研究裂纹扩展规律和带裂纹构件强度的基础。采用有限元法,对受均布荷载作用存在边缘Ⅰ型裂纹的平面板进行了数值分析。研究了裂纹尖端圆弧对应力强度因子的影响,分别计算了具有不同裂尖圆弧r_0的Ⅰ型裂纹的应力强度因子。采用应力法计算不同半径处的表观应力强度因子,插值到裂尖圆弧而得。根据计算结果,绘制K_Ⅰ-r_0曲线,利用最小二乘法拟合至尖裂纹(r_0=0)即得理想尖裂纹的应力强度因子,与解析解相差仅0.7%。该曲线为带圆弧裂纹的应力强度因子测试和带圆弧裂纹构件强度计算提供了依据。     

沥青加铺层裂纹尖端应力强度因子分析

裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子是研究裂纹扩展规律的基础,它以数值形式表征了不同裂纹尖端趋向开裂的严重程度．采用有限元方法对车辆荷载和温度作用下沥青加铺层的裂纹应力强度因子进行了分析,研究了沥青加铺层厚度、模量、初始裂纹长度、降温幅度及轴载等参数变化对加铺层裂纹应力强度因子的影响程度,为沥青加铺层防裂设计方法提供必要的理论依据．     

工字型截面梁角裂纹的应力强度因子分析

工字型梁是工程中最常见的结构之一,其中任何裂纹都将成为结构断裂失效的隐患.带有裂纹的工字型梁是典型的三维有限边界问题,用经典方法求解其裂纹的应力强度因子通常相当困难.采用三维20节点等参元,应用ANSYS大型工程有限元计算软件,对工字型梁4个不同裂纹开裂位置的角裂纹进行应力强度因子计算分析,给出了裂纹长度变化下的应力强度因子变化规律、趋势和曲线,总结了工字梁结构中结构参数对结构应力强度因子的影响规律,该计算结果可作为同类结构损伤容限设计的参考.     

矩形板中心裂纹有限元数值分析

为了计算构件裂纹断裂参量应力强度因子,利用有限元方法对矩形板中心裂纹断裂参量应力强度因子的计算进行了研究.在建立有限元模型时对于裂纹尖端的单元,采用节点-单元的方式生成二次奇异单元.同时对矩形板中心裂纹的应力强度因子的计算公式进行了修正,得到了简便的公式.为计算类似的裂纹断裂参量提供了参考和借鉴.     

脉冲电流作用下熔孔尺寸对止裂性能影响的仿真研究

采用有限元方法模拟带预制裂纹的构件在脉冲电流作用下的温度场,利用“生死单元”技术模拟脉冲作用出现的熔孔. 在恒定载荷作用下产生熔孔现象时,建立求解应力强度因子模型,探究脉冲作用后熔孔尺寸对钝裂纹应力强度因子的影响. 证明在恒定载荷作用下,随着熔孔尺寸增加,X轴最大应力位于裂纹尖端处呈下降趋势,修正后的应力强度因子呈上升趋势. 在一定尺寸范围内,修正后的应力强度因子小于尖裂纹的应力强度因子,熔孔形成的钝裂纹对于裂纹尖端止裂才会有效果. 研究结果可为含缺陷金属构件的修复机理研究提供科学参考.     

无干涉铆接搭接结构的多裂纹扩展预测方法

建立了含有广布损伤(MSD)裂纹的无干涉铆接搭接结构三维有限元模型,求解裂纹尖端左右两侧的应力强度因子,并提出了等效应力强度因子的概念。以Paris公式为基础,结合改进的载荷循环叠加方法、塑性区连通准则,并考虑MSD裂纹扩展中的相关性,建立了等幅谱下MSD裂纹扩展预测模型。计算结果与试验结果表明,使用该方法预测的3种开裂模式下的寿命值误差均在7%以内;对搭接结构进行分析不能简化为二维模型;MSD裂纹扩展寿命与结构开裂模式有关,结构中共存的裂纹越多其裂纹扩展寿命越短。     

单轴压缩条件下含闭合双裂纹体岩石类材料的破坏机理

在微型控制电液伺服单轴加载试验系统上,对含倾斜平行双裂纹的岩石类试件进行单轴加载试验研究,推导单轴压缩条件下试件应力强度因子(stress intensity factor,SIF)的解析表达式.分析裂纹表面摩擦系数对试件应力强度因子的影响,应用有限元法（finite element method,FEM）对同一问题进行数值分析,并与解析解进行比较.结果表明,随着裂纹表面摩擦系数的增大,应力强度因子减小,且采用有限元法求解应力强度因子是可行的,能准确预测含裂纹构件的安全性.此外,还对试件宏观裂纹的扩展机理进行了分析.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-