含萘酐蓝色发色团的共聚物的制备与性能研究

在钯催化下利用Heck耦合反应制备了以萘酰亚胺为发色团的共聚物,通过侧链上引入丁氧基醚链,使得聚合物具有很好的溶解度,能溶解在常用有机溶剂中．单体与聚合物结构均经^1H NMR,FT-IR,并通过DSC和TGA分析表明聚合物具有较好的热稳定性,分解温度达到380℃．紫外,荧光测试表明聚合物具有较强的蓝色荧光,在光电分子传感器材料应用具有很大的发展潜力．     

含二硫键的交联共聚化合物胶束的制备及表征

以丙烯胺为引发剂,引发谷氨酸苄酯的N-羧酸酐(NCA)开环聚合制备L-谷氨酸苄酯(PBLG),再由AIBN作引发剂,与交联剂和聚乙二醇单甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯(PEGMA)发生共聚,合成嵌段共聚物并制备胶束.通过核磁(1HNMR),红外(FTIR),动态光散射(DLS)和透射电镜(TEM)等一系列手段对聚合物胶束的结构和形貌进行了表征.     

琥珀酰亚胺类固定化酶载体的合成与胺解研究

选用丙烯酸(AA)、N′-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHM)为单体,以N′,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)为交联剂,以乙醇水溶液为制孔剂条件下进行反相悬浮聚合,得到珠状共聚物载体,该载体是一种新的酶载体形式,在国内外的相关文献中均未见报道.用红外光谱对其结构进行了表征.对载体与有机胺的胺解反应进行了研究,发现共聚物载体分子链上的丙烯酸-N′-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯基易于在温和条件下与胺基发生胺解反应,从而为该类载体应用于含游离胺基的生物活性物质分子的固定化提供了依据.     

甲基取代主链含酰亚胺-砜基的聚芳醚酮酮树脂的合成与表征

以N,N'-(4,4'-二苯砜)二偏苯三甲酰亚胺酰氯为单体,分别与4,4'-二(2-甲基苯氧基)三苯二酮(o-Me-DPOTPDK)、4,4'-二(2,6-二甲基苯氧基)三苯二酮(o-Me2-DPOTPDK)采用低温溶液亲电缩聚合成了两种主链含酰亚胺砜基甲基取代的聚芳醚酮酮树脂,聚合物的对数比浓粘度为6.6和7.5 mL·g-1.用FT-IR、1H NMR对其化学结构进行了表征,DSC、TGA、WAXD研究了其热转变和形态.研究表明:共聚物有较高的玻璃化转变温度(T8:250,278℃)和热分解温度(5%Td:425℃),常温下能溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮、氯仿和间甲酚等有机溶剂中,可采用溶剂法加工成型.     

聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚谷氨酸苄酯共聚物的合成

利用乳酸和γ-谷氨酸苄酯分别合成了乳酸氧酸酐(LacOCA)和谷氨酸苄酯氮酸酐(BLG-NCA),然后在室温下用二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)催化LacOCA、BLG-NCA和聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG)开环聚合,合成聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚谷氨酸苄酯的三元共聚物,用核磁、GPC等方法对共聚物进行了表征.该聚合物综合了聚醚、聚酯、聚氨基酸的性能,改善了聚氨基酸的溶解性.为聚酯-聚醚-聚氨基酸共聚物的合成提供一种新思路.     

含杂萘类三联苯结构聚芳酰胺酰亚胺合成与性能

采用 Yamazaki膦酰化聚合体系 ,以自制的新型二胺 2 -( 4 -氨基苯基 ) -4 -[4 -( 4 -氨基苯氧基 ) -联苯基 ]-二氮杂萘酮 -1 ( )为单体 ,与自制的芳香二酸进行直接溶液缩聚反应 ,高产率地合成了一类新型含杂萘类三联苯结构聚芳酰胺酰亚胺 .新型聚合物的特性粘度为0 .4 9～ 0 .80 d L .g- 1 ( DMAc,( 2 5± 0 .5 )℃ ) ;以 MS、FT-IR、1 HNMR等分析手段研究了二胺单体 及其聚合物的结构 ;利用 DSC、TGA研究了聚合物的耐热性能 .结果表明 ,新型聚芳酰胺酰亚胺具有高的玻璃化转变温度 ( Tg =5 90～ 6 2 8K) ,氮气氛中 1 0 %热质量损失温度在 71 0～ 74 4K,聚合物 PIa～ PId的表面电阻系数的数量级为 1 0 1 5Ω,体积电阻系数的数量级为 1 0 1 6Ω .cm.X-射线衍射证明所有聚合物均为无定型结构 .聚合物在二甲基甲酰胺、1 -甲基吡咯烷酮和间甲酚等极性有机溶剂中可溶解并能浇注得到透明韧性薄膜 .     

含间位苯基及芳酯基侧基聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

以偏苯三甲酸酐酰氯(TMAC)、间苯二甲酰氯(IPC)和1,3-二(4-苯氧基苯甲酰基)苯(m-EKKE)为单体,通过3元共缩聚反应合成了系列高相对分子质量、含羧基侧基的聚芳醚酮树脂(i-PEK-A),i-PEK-A树脂在1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷溶剂中,在对甲苯磺酸催化下与苯酚进行酯化反应合成了主链带不同比例芳酯侧基的聚芳醚酮树脂(i-PEK-E).用FT-IR、1H NMR、WAXD、TGA、DSC等技术对聚合物的结构与性能进行了表征.结果表明:在合成3元无规共聚物时,随着TMAC用量的增加,共聚物的Tg升高,Tm降低,改善了共聚物的熔融加工性能.当IPC/TMAC摩尔比小于1时,共聚物为无定形聚集态.     

光敏性无规一类接枝双亲聚合物的合成与表征

通过肉桂酰氯与ε-己内酯改性丙烯酸酯间的酰基化反应，合成了一系列光敏性大单体(FAnC)．以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂，使FAnC与甲基丙烯酸在N，N-二甲基甲酰胺中进行自由基共聚反应，制备了具有光敏性的双亲无规一类接枝共聚物．以红外光谱、凝胶渗透色谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振和差示扫描量热等分析测试手段对共聚产物进行了表征，同时研究了FAnC中侧链长度等对反应产率的影响．研究结果表明，侧链长度对产率的影响很大，随侧链长度的增加产率降低．考察了单体配比对共聚物的相对分子质量和玻璃化转变温度的影响．结果表明，随着单体中FAnC含量的增加，数均相对分子质量升高而玻璃化转变温度下降．光敏性无规一类接枝共聚物可以在选择性溶剂中进行自组装，得到纳米级的聚合物胶束．     

聚乙二醇-聚己内酯的合成及其自组装纳米粒子的理化性质

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,利用聚乙二醇单甲醚(MePEG)末端羟基开环己内酯进行聚合反应,合成了一系列具有不同聚乙二醇(PEG)链段长度和聚己内酯(PCL)链段长度的嵌段聚合物.采用1HNMR,GPC等分析手段表征共聚物的结构.利用透析的方法,两亲性嵌段共聚物PEG-b-PCL在水中自组装形成了聚合物纳米粒子.采用荧光光谱,动态激光光散射、原子力显微镜和Zeta电位仪等手段对聚合物纳米粒子的物理化学性质进行了表征,结果表明聚合物纳米粒子的物理化学性质由嵌段聚合物的组成与结构控制.     

溶液缩聚法合成聚对羟基苯甲酸接枝苯乙烯-马来酸酐无规共聚物液晶高分子

采用溶液缩聚法合成了聚对羟基苯甲酸接枝苯乙烯-马来酸酐无规共聚物液晶高分子，讨论了反应的接枝效率和液晶侧链对聚合物热性质的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to