不同截面微通道中流动阻力特性

实验研究了微通道内去离子水的流动阻力特性,微通道当量直径范围De=0.210～1.069mm,雷诺数范围Re=102～104,截面形状分为矩形、半圆形及三角形.通过测量微通道沿程压降及出、入口局部压降随流量变化关系,获得了沿程阻力系数及局部阻力系数.结果表明:当截面形状相同时,摩擦阻力系数随着当量直径的减小而降低;当量...     

管道阻力参数检测实验研究

在配有专业设备的水工水力学试验厅内,安装厂家提供的待检测管材,进行了管道内壁阻力系数实验研究。按照水工常规模型试验规程要求,对管材进行水力学检测试验,并根据管道水力学理论得出被检测管材当量粗糙度、沿程阻力系数、海曾—威廉系数、曼宁糙率系数等管道水流阻力特性参数。为该管材在管道流体输运工业中的应用提供科学依据。     

室内给水PP-R管道施工技术要点

PP—R管以其施工简便、连接可靠、使用寿命长、无毒、卫生等特性在室内生活给水工程中已经广泛使用，由于PP—R管材在我国生产使用历史较短，很多实际操作人员接触较少，普及和推广PP—R管道安装工艺尤为重要，现结合在工程施工中的一些经验和相关资料，对施工工艺和在施工中容易出现的问题做简单的归纳介绍。     

圆柱绕流水动力学特性的数值模拟

应用计算流体动力学软件FLUENT对低雷诺数(Re)(Re≤300)下圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟。采用分区结构化网格及层流模型求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,在未施加任何扰动的条件下获得了圆柱绕流2种特殊的绕流场,系统分析了壁面压力系数、平均阻力系数、脉动阻力、升力系数及旋涡脱落频率等水动力学特性参数随Re数变化的规律,结果与实验研究吻合较好。     

高雷诺数圆盘绕流尾迹特性的大涡模拟研究

采用大涡模拟方法对垂直于来流的圆盘(直径为40 mm,厚度为8 mm)后尾迹中的湍流特性进行了研究.流动雷诺数分别是1×10~4、1×10~5和2.5×10~5.发现当Re1×10~4时流场的平均速度、雷诺应力和阻力系数等的分布受雷诺数影响较小,圆盘绕流产生的阻力主要取决于圆盘前后的压力差.通过分析流场的频谱特性,研究高雷诺数条件下圆盘尾迹中的湍流结构及不稳定机制,发现3个无量纲特征频率St≈0.028,St≈0.138～0.146和St≈1.437,分别对应于近尾迹中的回流区沿轴向脉动、驻定涡旋脱落和Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定这3种不稳定性机制.     

单排不均匀排管流动换热特性的实验研究

对空气横掠不均匀排列的单排管的流动与换热特性进行了实验研究．实验在小型风洞中进行．流动阻力采用总体静压降法获得而换热系数采用单管热平衡法得到．改变管排的管间距获得在不同间距下的流动与换热的准则关系式．分析结果表明,在不同间距下流动阻力和换热能力变化较大,随着管间距不均匀性的增加,会出现换热系数最大值和流动阻力系数最小值,但这种现象随着雷诺数的加大而逐渐消失．     

下渗对坡面流流态及动力学参数的影响

为了从理论上分析下渗对坡面流动力学参数的影响,基于Navier-Stokes方程,将坡面流视为平面恒定非均匀流,考虑下渗影响,推导出缓坡、陡坡坡面流断面速度分布,探讨了下渗对坡面流雷诺数、沿程阻力系数、滚波波幅的影响,基于相关试验资料对理论分析结果进行了验证.结果表明,缓坡条件下,坡面流流态为层流或紊流,试验过程中有必要区分初渗、稳渗阶段判别流态.陡坡条件下,不同下渗率及水深的坡面流均为紊流.坡面流黏性影响厚度接近水深或大于水深,不会产生类似明渠水流的外流势流区域.同时考虑下渗和表面张力作用,沿程阻力系数与雷诺数成反比.滚波波幅受水深、下渗率、水流运动黏度、坡降的影响.该研究结论为坡面水流运动特性试验研究及理论分析奠定了一定基础.     

波壁管式换热器内壳侧流体流动与换热特性

传统的直壁管式换热器的换热效率不高,为了增强换热器内流体的换热效率。采用数值模拟的方法对<1-2>型波壁管式换热器内流体的流动与换热特性进行了分析研究,重点探讨了雷诺数Re与波壁管半径比i对换热器内流体的流动特性、阻力特性、换热特性以及综合换热性能的影响。结果发现,与直壁管式换热器相比,波壁管式换热器内流体的流动状态能够得到较大的改善。波壁管式换热器壳程流体的进出口平均压降比直壁管式换热器低,平均压降最大可降低11.01%,且发现随着Re的增加,平均压降明显增大,随着i的增加,平均压降略有增大。波壁管式换热器壳程内流体的对流换热系数hs明显大于直壁管式换热器,hs最大可增加14.17%。hs随着Re的增大逐渐增加,而i对hs的影响不明显。同时发现波壁管式换热器的综合换热性能与雷诺数Re成正相关,而与半径比i成负相关。与直壁管式换热器相比,波壁管式换热器的综合换热性能更强。     

大尺度粗糙床面水流特性试验与数值仿真分析

针对山区常见的大尺度粗糙床面河流中的水流运动特性问题,采用模型试验、数值计算和统计分析相结合的方法,研究了边长50mm混凝土方块在不同布置密度下,对浅水流动的自由表面形态、流速分布以及沿程阻力系数的影响。在此基础上,本文进一步提出了修正后的粗糙床面的沿程阻力计算公式,并采用非线性多元回归法基于试验与计算数据对公式系数进行回归。本文所修正的公式具更广的适用性,且计算分析结果与模型试验结果较为吻合,对于航道整治与船舶航行具有较强的工程参考意义。     

大尺度粗糙床面水流特性模型试验与数值仿真分析

针对山区常见的大尺度粗糙床面河流中的水流运动特性问题,采用模型试验、数值计算和统计分析相结合的方法,研究了特定边长混凝土方块在不同布置密度下,对浅水流动的自由表面形态、流速分布以及沿程阻力系数的影响。在此基础上,进一步提出了修正后的粗糙床面的沿程阻力计算公式,并采用非线性多元回归法基于试验与计算数据对公式系数进行回归。修正的公式具更广的适用性,且计算分析结果与模型试验结果较为吻合,对于航道整治与船舶航行具有较强的工程参考意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to