单排管空冷散热器换热及阻力特性研究

通过试验及数值模拟研究了单排管空冷散热器的翅片侧流动及换热特性,获得了相对翅片间距和相对翅片高度等参数对单排管空冷散热器的翅片侧换热和阻力特性的影响规律.随着单排管空冷散热器相对翅片间距的增大,翅片侧对流换热系数和阻力随之减小;随着相对翅片高度的增大,翅片侧对流换热系数和阻力也随之减小.     

波纹管内强制对流换热与阻力特性的实验研究

用实验方法研究了空气在具有3种不同管径19、25、32mm的波纹管内的流动与换热特性。管的外壁采用电加热，来模拟均匀热流的条件，测得了不同工况下各种管径的平均对流换热系数和阻力系数，拟合出了所测的参数范围内的阻力和换热实验关联式，并比较了相同管径的波纹管和光管的换热效果，发现无论在哪种比较条件下，波纹管均比相同管径下的光管综合换热性能强。     

横掠周期性密集管束流动换热的数值模拟

在较宽的雷诺数范围内,使用CFD软件、SIMPLE算法和QUICK格式,对流体横掠不同管间距的顺排密集型管束,在周期性充分发展段的流动换热进行了数值模拟.选用几何间距与经验公式中相同的管束模型进行计算,将数值结果与前人已存在的经验公式和实验结果进行比较,确保数值模拟方法的正确性.通过分析3种不同计算模型的流场、换热系数等,验证了针对高度密集管束采用周期性边界条件和对称性边界条件的合理性.将其与大间距顺排管束的流动换热特性进行对比,结果表明,密集管束换热系数最高可达大间距管束换热系数的3倍,可为工业上换热器管排布置方式提供参考.     

热水解污泥在扭曲管中流动换热的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法研究了热水解污泥在扭曲换热管中的流动换热特性,分析了扭曲管的强化传热机理.获得了扭曲管不同纵横比和扭曲比条件下的温度场与速度场分布,阐述了不同雷诺数对流动传热的影响.该结果与传统光滑圆管的流动换热特性进行了比较,研究结果表明,扭曲管产生的旋流和二次流可以有效地提高换热效率,但是也增加了流动阻力.另外,综合换热因子随着扭曲比的增大而减小,随着纵横比先增大后减小,在纵横比为1.96时达到最大.与传统光滑圆管相比,发现在低雷诺数(小于5 000)情况下扭曲换热管具有更高的换热效率.     

缠绕管式换热器结构参数多目标优化数值模拟研究

为分析缠绕管式换热器关键几何结构对其流动和传热性能的影响,采用多目标遗传优化算法对壳侧的流动和传热特性进行了数值模拟研究,并对通过中心复合设计得出的实验点进行了计算。研究结果表明:缠绕管式换热器的壳侧压降随着层间距、缠绕角、同层管间距的增大而减小;壳侧换热系数随着层间距的增大而减小,随着管外径的增大而增大,随着螺旋角的增大先增大后减小。通过敏感度分析可知:螺旋角和层间距对缠绕管式换热器的流动和传热性能影响最大,在计算工况下,层间距对压降和换热系数都呈负相关;螺旋角与压降呈负相关,与换热系数呈正相关。同时,应用多目标遗传算法在连续响应面的基础上对原结构进行优化,得到3组优化结果,换热系数平均增加了2.93%,压降平均降低了40.27%,综合传热性能均好于原结构。该研究成果可为缠绕管式换热器的优化设计提供理论基础。     

平行板间填充颗粒与壁面开槽对流动与换热的影响

为了研究壁面开不同型槽、板间距与粒径比和流动换热的关系,文中通过对平行板间填充不同粒径颗粒、板面开不同结构微槽的方式对平行板间强化换热机理进行了实验研究。实验结果表明:选用小的板间距与粒径比(Z/dp),可以提高系统的强化换热效率;在换热壁面上设计微细的开槽结构,既可以降低流动阻力,又可以强化换热。     

管壁导热对管内流动流体热边界条件的影响

对层流管内受迫流动热入口段内流体与管壁间耦合传热进行了计算 ,研究了试件几何尺寸、试件与流体物性参数及流体流动状态对内管壁处流体热边界条件均匀性的影响。研究结果表明 ,即使在管外壁均匀加热 (或冷却 )的情况下 ,管壁导热也使得内管壁处流体的热边界条件出现明显的不均匀性。影响这种不均匀性的主要因素是Peclet数、管壁材料的相对导热系数、实验段相对加热长度及管壁相对厚度等无量纲参数。为了改善管内壁处流体的热边界条件以提高对流换热实验结果的精度和可靠性 ,在保证管外壁加热 (或冷却 )均匀性的前提下 ,一定要尽可能采用足够长的薄壁管做对流换热实验的加热段。此外 ,试件的材料与拟采用的加热方式有关。恒壁温加热时要选用导热系数大的材料 ,而恒热流加热时 (如外绕加热丝加热或管壁直接通电加热 )则应选用导热系数较小的材料     

水蒸汽在水平二维微肋管内的凝结换热

探讨了微肋高度对水平二维微肋管内凝结换热和流动阻力的影响．采用水蒸汽为凝结介质,进行了三种不同肋高度的管内凝结换热实验．结果表明,二维微肋管内凝结的平均换热系数α随肋高的增加明显增大．和光管比较,α增加２８％～２１０％,这时阻力的增加仅为４％～５３％．     

气流横向冲刷管束换热的场协同数值模拟验证

对气流横向冲刷管束换热这种比较复杂的流动形式,推导出了气流横向冲刷管束换热时的传热努塞尔数与场参数的关系表达式,用数值模拟的方法对场协同原理进行了分析与验证．结果表明,场协同原理同样适用于这种形式比较复杂的流动与换热．同时用场协同原理解释了管排方式和管间距对换热的影响,发现随着速度场与热流场协同作用的不同,换热随管排方式和管间距的改变也有所不同．     

矩形翅片椭圆换热管束性能

采用标准k-ε模型,就管排数和翅片间距等因素对矩形翅片椭圆换热管束流动换热性能的影响进行分析.得到管束各排翅片表面平均换热系数分布规律,并给出j因子和f因子与管排数的关系.结果表明:翅片间距主要通过阻力对管束性能产生影响,当翅片间距小于2.5 mm时,管束空气侧阻力对风速的敏感性显著增加;可以通过采用高导热系数翅片材料的方法来提升管束性能.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to