钛合金风扇叶片的数控加工工艺及模拟仿真

为解决钛合金材料加工较困难、工艺上选择数控加工参数难等问题,通过大量试验总结,优选数控加工参数,优化数控编程技术、刀具材料和参数,采用小切削量和高速球铣刀的数控加工方法,最后运用计算机辅助软件进行模拟仿真,其结果达到了零件的加工工艺要求。解决该难题的关键所在是:钛合金材料的特性、曲面造型方法、数控加工工艺、铣削方式等。     

普通内、外直螺纹的宏程序编制与加工

在机械制造中加工内、外螺纹的途径一般为攻丝、螺纹挤压成形、套扣、螺纹车刀车削螺纹。对于一些特殊材料的加工和不允许有退刀槽、螺纹收尾等特殊要求的零件时,传统的方法就很难进行有效的加工了。普通的加工程序大多只能适用于一个轮廓的加工,随着数控技术的不断提高,宏程序得到了广泛的应用,螺纹的参数化数控铣削不在是梦想。采用螺旋插补和宏程序技术进行螺纹的铣削加工,以上在加工中存在的问题得到了根本解决。因此螺纹的铣削加工得到了广泛的应用。但是螺纹铣刀的价格十分昂贵,小型的加工生产单位比较难以承受     

浅谈铣削螺纹在数控加工中的应用

本文介绍了螺纹加工是现代数控制造技术的一项具有改变传统机械制造技术理念,逐步建立现代数控加工工艺技术的重要环节,在数控铣床上铣削螺纹与传统的丝锥攻螺纹极大地提高了生产效率和零件的加工质量,同时镜削螺纹为手工鳊程和软件应用提供了更广泛的空间。     

论铣削螺纹在制造业生产中的优势

使用数控铣床加工螺纹,是一种先进的螺纹加工方法,与传统螺纹加工方法相比,它具有使用范围广、生产效率高、加工质量好、刀具通用性好、加工安全性好、工艺简单易学、程序编写简单等诸多优点。从螺纹铣削加工方法可行性、使用范围、加工成本、螺纹加工刀具通用性、螺纹铣削原理、螺纹铣削工艺等几方面并结合实例加工来论述使用数控铣床(或加工中心)加工螺纹在制造业生产中的优势。     

关于数控铣床的编程特点和坐标系统的理解

铣削是机械加工中最常用的方法之一,数控铣床不仅使用于加工箱体、壳体零件,更使用于加工各种复杂的曲线、曲面以及模具型腔等平面或立体零件。对于非圆曲线、空间曲线和曲面的轮廓铣削加工,数学处理比较复杂,一般要借助计算机CAD/CAM软件来实现.两坐标联动数控铣床用于加工平面零件轮廓;三坐标以上的数控铣床用于加工难度较大的复杂工件的立体轮廓,而且换上孔加工刀具,能同样方便地进行数控钻、镗、锪、铰及攻螺纹等孔加工。     

平面轮廓插补的新方法及其数控加工编程

本文提出一种平面轮廓的圆弧插补方法。本方法以生成数控加工指令为目标,从简单的几何关系出发,推导出将描述轮廓的方程或离散数据转化为数控加工所需的圆弧或直线插补参数的公式,并对逆圆弧和顺圆弧的判定及插补误差的控制进行了分析,提出了具体的方法。开发的软件可以实现平面轮廓零件的CAD、插补参数计算、数控加工程序生成、模拟穿孔纸带及轮廓加工过程。     

基于B样条曲线实时插补的研究及其误差分析

采用只具有直线、圆弧等简单解析曲线插补功能的CNC机床加工复杂或不规则的零件轮廓,需要采用离线插补的方法。这种方法加工效率低下、加工精度低、并且数控程序过大。因此就产生了应用最广泛的复杂曲线直接样条插补技术——B样条插补。基于此,重点研究已知型值点的B样条曲线实时插补算法。分析了B样条曲线实时插补的误差并给出两种弦高误差的计算方法,通过比较得出根据上一插补点处的曲率来计算弦高误差的方法是比较好的。另外研究了法向加速度的控制方法。     

加工中心铣削螺纹

该文研究了铣削螺纹的原理及加工特点,利用工厂实例说明了螺纹钝削宏程序编制方法,使得螺纹的加工高效便捷。传统的螺纹车削和丝锥,板牙已无法满足高效生产的需要。铣削螺纹的方法采用三轴联动数控机床进行螺纹加工,改变了传统螺纹的加工方法,尤其是对于加工大型零件,取得了良好的效果。     

基于PSO--BP网络的数控系统插补控制研究

插补控制是数控机床加工控制的核心技术,将智能优化算法和神经网络技术相结合,建立了PSOBP网络的插补控制模型。以坐标位置和速度为输入,下一点坐标位置、切线角、曲率半径为输出,搭建了BP网络模型,采用PSO优化算法对网络权值和阈值进行优化处理,最终获得PSO-BP插补控制模型。通过复杂加工曲线仿真试验分析,验证了PSO-BP网络数控系统插补控制的有效性。提出的数控系统插补控制能够提高复杂零件插补的精度和速度,对超精密零件加工的插补控制提供了一定的参考。     

FANUC 0i数控系统车削二次曲线零件宏程序的应用

在数控车削加工中,由于现代的数控系统中只有直线插补和圆弧插补指令,不适合二次曲线类零件的编程,因此二次类零件的加工是比较困难的,本文较全面总结了FANUC 0i数控系统车削加工二次类零件中宏程序的应用。采用切槽法使二次曲线的宏程序编程更加简便。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.