SiO2气凝胶的常压制备及其热传输特性

以相对廉价的多聚硅 (E - 4 0 )为硅源 ,通过溶胶 -凝胶工艺制备了SiO2 气凝胶 .采用以三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为表面修饰剂 ,硅油为干燥介质的表面修饰工艺 ,实现了在常压条件下的制备 .气凝胶热导率的测试采用的是瞬态热线法 ,同时还采用BET(brunaner emmett teller)方法 ,对气凝胶的孔径等特性进行了测试 ,系统研究了密度、温度、气压、湿度及掺杂物等因素对材料导热性能的影响 .     

二氧化硅气凝胶改性方法及研究进展

为了提高采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的二氧化硅气凝胶的网络强度,介绍了对二氧化硅气凝胶进行改性的3种方法. 以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶法和表面修饰工艺,在常压条件下制备了SiO2气凝胶. 傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)测试结果表明,SiO2气凝胶具有较好的疏水特性. 表面修饰剂三甲基氯硅烷在正己烷中的体积分数为6%,表面修饰时间为24h时,气凝胶具有优化的性能.     

气体分子对纳米材料硅石气凝胶热传导的影响

以动态热线法测量不同气压下纯硅石凝胶和ＴｉＯ２掺杂硅石气凝胶的气态热导率,研究ＴｉＯ２掺杂对硅石气凝胶气态热传导的影响。实验结果表明,硅石气凝胶的微孔洞中气体分子热运动受限,考虑气体分子间,气体分子与固体颗粒间撞对气体分子平均自由程影响的气态传导理论能很好的解释实验现象,理论和实验都表明,ＴｉＯ２掺杂硅石气凝胶的气态热导率较大。     

二氧化硅气凝胶最佳表面改性条件的研究

采用共前躯体法和衍生法两种改性方法,选用甲基三甲氧基硅烷、三甲基氯硅烷、六甲基二硅烷三种疏水试剂,对二氧化硅气凝胶的表面改性进行了研究.结果表明,选用三甲基氯硅烷为疏水试剂通过衍生法在浓度为10%(V/V)改性12 h得到的二氧化硅气凝胶物理性能和疏水性能良好.     

SiO2气凝胶的常压制备与表面改性

以水玻璃为硅源,甲酰胺为催化剂,乙二醇为干燥控制化学添加剂(DCCA),采用溶胶-凝胶法常压下干燥制备了硅石气凝胶粉体.研究发现:微过量的甲酰胺,有利于高孔隙率气凝胶的合成;过量的乙二醇的引入不利于低密度气凝胶的形成;pH值对合成气凝胶的性质也有较大的影响.经二甲基二乙氧基硅烷(DMDEOS)表面改性处理后的气凝胶表现出了很好的疏水性能.采用傅里叶变换红外分析(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)等对疏水型气凝胶的结构和性能进行了研究.     

二氧化硅气凝胶的常压制备及其特性研究

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,先采用溶胶-凝胶法制备湿凝胶,然后浸泡在反应溶液中进行老化,再利用正己烷进行溶剂交换,三甲基氯硅烷进行表面改性,最终获得轻质多孔二氧化硅气凝胶. 进一步考察了凝胶时间随乙醇和水的不同加入量和pH值的变化,利用FTIR、XRD和SEM等方法对二氧化硅气凝胶表征. 结果表明,所制备的疏水SiO2气凝胶的密度、比表面积和孔隙率分别为77～200 kg·m-3,500～750 m2g-1和85%～95%,其颗粒尺寸为50～200 nm.     

表面修饰硅凝胶人工晶状体表面特性检测

采用低温等离子体联合离子束技术对硅凝胶人工晶状体表面进行碳，钛材料修饰，对表面装饰的人工晶状体进行表面特性的检测，分析结果显示，经碳，钛表面修饰的硅凝胶人工晶状体其分辨率和表面形态没有改变，表面修饰的人工晶状体增加了对紫外光的吸收，表面的亲水性增加，未修饰，碳修饰人工晶状体表面化学成分由碳，氧，硅元素组成，钛修饰人工晶太体表面由碳，氧，硅，钛元素组成，碳，钛修饰的硅凝胶人工晶状体的表面特性得到改善。     

多孔陶瓷基体表面的凝胶修饰及钯膜的制备

以多孔陶瓷为基体材料,通过化学镀法制备钯膜,但在基体表面预先修饰一层凝胶,化学镀之后再将凝胶热处理分解,研究凝胶修饰层对钯膜微观结构和透氢性能的影响.结果表明:基体修饰的钯膜均匀度和光亮度更高,透氢率是未修饰钯膜的3倍;由于凝胶修饰法阻止了钯膜进入基体孔道,膜附着力明显下降,成为未来需要解决的关键问题,凝胶修饰法制备钯膜的工艺仍需进一步优化.     

溶胶凝胶和超临界干燥法制备纳米TiO2粉体

以钛酸丁酯（Ti(OR)4)为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法及超临界流体干燥技术制备了纳米TiO2粉体。采用正交设计法研究了操作条件反应的影响,筛选出了最佳工艺条件。TEM检测表明,优化条件下制得的二氧化钛粉体粒径为11－12．3nm,且随热处理温度的升高粒径变化不大,但团聚加重。XRD结果表明,当热处理温度为500℃时晶粒为锐钛型;当煅烧温度为800℃时晶粒转化为金红石型。BET结果表明,二氧化钛气凝胶颗粒的比表面积可高达556m^2/g;但随煅烧温度的升高,比表面积下降迅速;在500℃时,比表面积只有94．6m^2/g。     

二氧化硅气凝胶的性能受热过程的影响

成功地以水玻璃为硅源,经乙醇溶剂替换及六甲基二硅醚和盐酸的混合液对SiO₂湿凝胶表面基团改性后,常压干燥制备出低密度、高比表面积、超疏水、低热导率的高性能SiO₂气凝胶块体.SiO₂气凝胶在室温至400℃附近具有稳定的疏水性能,460℃附近气凝胶由疏水型完全转变成亲水型.重点研究了室温至400℃之间,SiO₂气凝胶的微观结构和物理性能受热处理过程的影响.SiO₂气凝胶即使经过400℃高温热处理后,仍能保持优异的疏水性能、较高的比表面积和较低的热导率等.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.