“防泳移剂AM—103”获得科技成果银奖

由我校染整教研室宋心远、沈煜如等老师研制的防泳移剂 AM—103在首届上海科技博览会上获得银奖.防泳移剂 AM—103是国家七·五重点科技攻关成果之一,1991年1月通过纺织部的鉴定。它主要用于防止染料在染色中发生泳移。经试验及生产实践证明,其防泳移效果好,适用的染料种类广,包括分散、还原、活性、直接、硫化、缩聚等多种染料;与染液相容性好,使用方便,连续应用不会发生粘滚筒现象;用它加工的织物表面光洁,颜色透芯度好,色光纯正,可明显减少织物正反或左右色差,对大多数分散染料有明显的增深效果(可节约染料5～10%)。另外,     

膦酸基活性染料在涤棉碱防拔染印花中的应用

本文主要研究涤棉织物碱防拔染印花中染棉部分的膦酸基活性染料的底色浸轧染色工艺以及它的碱防拔染性能。结果表明，浸轧液中应含有双氰胺和无钠防泳移剂，浸轧液ＰＨ＝５；固色条件为２００℃左右处理１～２ｍｉｎ。膦酸基活性染料之所以可被碱防拔染，主要是由于它在强碱性条件下不与棉纤维发生固色反应，而防拔染助剂对它的防拔染效果没有影响     

超临界CO2技术下麻织物冰裂纹肌理研究

试验采用分散红54在超临界染色装置上进行亚麻织物的防染印花,探究了染色时间、染色温度、染色压力以及糊料浓度对亚麻织物防染印花性能的影响,测定了染色后亚麻织物及印花的K/S值和色牢度.结果表明,在防染剂质量分数为10％、温度为120℃、压力为20 MPa、染色时间为60 min的条件下,亚麻织物印花防白效果好同时印花能达...     

涂料染色粘合剂GH的研制和性能

本文就涂料染色粘合剂GH的制备、乳液稳定性、薄膜材料性能以及染色应用性能等进行了系统的讨论,并与国内外的同类样品作了比较。实验表明,粘合剂GH具有较好的综合性能,尤其是刷洗牢度、抗泳移性、低温染色性和较小的粘搭性。该粘合剂适用于中色染色(涂料用量为10g/l)。     

超声波在还原染料染色中的应用研究

本文是继文献[1]、[2]之后,对超声波染色进行理论分析的实践证明之后,以还原染料上染纯棉织物的小试入手,讨论了超声波对还原染料染色的可能性。结果表明,采用超声波染色技术,不但可以提高染料的上染百分率,增加匀染、透染性,还可以实现织物的低温短时间染色,同时还可以采用较少的染料获得实验所要求的色泽深度。具有广阔的发展前景。     

抗泳移剂CAM—2的研制

以一定比例的丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为原料，在引发剂过硫酸铵的作用下，经溶液聚合法制得一淡黄色粘稠状溶液，即为丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺的共聚物，用AATCC法检验该共聚物，表明该共聚物CAM－2具有良好的抗泳移效果；其抗泳移性能与BASF公司的Prmasol-AMK接近。     

聚乳酸织物碱性染色工艺探讨

为提高生产效率并简化聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)织物的传统染色工艺,利用耐碱的分散染料在碱性条件下对PLA织物进行染色。研究了处理液pH值对PLA织物减量的影响,以及PLA织物的中性染色及碱性染色产品的K/S值及减量率;讨论了碱性染色温度和碱剂用量对PLA织物K/S值和强力的影响;对比了PLA织物有无还原清洗工序的碱性染色产品的色牢度,以及碱性染色与传统染色的工序、配方及产品的颜色深度。结果表明:随着处理液pH值的升高,织物的减量率逐渐增加且碱性条件下更有利于PLA织物的减量;碱性染色织物的减量率及K/S值均高于中性染色产品;随着染色温度的升高和碱剂用量增大,染色织物颜色逐渐变深且断裂强力下降;PLA织物碱性染色产品色牢度好且染色后无需还原清洗;碱性染色比传统染色方法所得织物的颜色更深且碱性染色工艺更加节省能源、水以及时间。     

纳米颗粒微运动强化纳米流体热导率的理论研究

理论推导了纳米颗粒布朗运动、热泳和渗透泳产生有效热导率的计算公式,定量讨论了三种机制的微运动对纳米流体有效热导率的影响.通过比较和分析,结果表明布朗运动对纳米流体有效热导率的贡献是最主要的,其作用效果是另外两种机制的106-108倍;三种运动产生的有效热导率都随颗粒体积分数的增大而增加;布朗运动产生的有效热导率随颗粒粒径的增大而减小,热泳和渗透泳对有效热导率的贡献与粒径大小无关;当纳米流体热流通量越高时,热泳和渗透泳产生的有效热导率越大.     

氨基移换实验中纸层析方法的改进研究

由于传统氨基移换实验中的展层剂水饱和苯酚是有毒物质,寻找低毒或无毒的展层剂是十分必要的。文章通过对展层剂的种类、配比、展层时间及染色方法的研究,确定了以正丁醇∶甲酸(88)∶水为15∶3∶2的展层剂,展层时间为1.5h,以展层剂为溶剂的0.3茚三酮为染色液,并使展层与染色同步进行。     

少年儿童游泳入门姿势的选择与探讨

作为学习游泳的第一步,启蒙泳式的选择就显得尤为重要,它会对以后其他泳式的学习和训练带来深远的影响。全国广大游泳教练员对四种竞技泳式从何教起积累了许多经验,但看法也不统一,本人在查阅资料、访问有关专家的基础上对教学实践活动进行总结以及对少年儿童的生理、解剖特点的分析,认为爬泳作为启蒙泳式是适合少年儿童的。     

AN EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF STABILIZERS ON THE PHOTOCHEMICAL STABILITY OF DISPERSE DYES

There is a powerful market-need for superfast disperse dyes in special use, e.g. for automotivefabrics. The photochemical fading reactions of dyes are often very complicated, and no singlphotodegradation pathway can be involved for all kinds of dyes. To enhance the photostability of the commonly used disperse dyes, a series of tests on the ef-fect of variable stabilizers on the photodegradation rate of nine representative disperse dyes werecarried out both in ethyl acetate solution and on cellulose acetate film. A moderate light sourceemitting above 300 nm was adopted in this study to simulate the photofading under practical appli-cations. The results show that, in solution, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine is the most effectivegeneral stabilizer for all the tested dyes, but on cellulose film, nickel diethyl-dithiocarbamateshows the greatest general protecting effect, and a synergistic effect is observed for special combina-tions of stabilizers.     

含苯并三唑基团抗紫外辐射活性染料合成与应用性能研究

以2-(2-羟基-5-磺酸基苯基)-5-氨基-2H-苯并三唑基团为封闭基,对位酯或磺化对位酯为重氮组分,合成了黄、橙、红和蓝色4只M型活性染料,并用质谱对其结构进行了表征.用合成的染料对棉纤维染色,测定了染料的上染率和固色率,发现黄色染料的染色性能较差.与未染色的棉纤维相比,染色后棉纤维的紫外线透过率大大降低.未染色纤维的UPF值为1.3,经过黄、橙、红和蓝色染料染色的棉纤维的UPF值分别为5.9、13.7、18.8、17.5,除黄色外都达到了很好的抗紫外线效果.通过对比也发现深色织物的抗紫外线效果比浅色的好.     

药用植物染料的特征和功能实现(Ⅱ):染色效果及抗菌性能

介绍了常用天然植物药的染色效果和实现条件，及其药用植物染料的上染特征，染色牢度的特点和提高染色效果的方法，并概述了织物经药用植物染料染色后的抗微生物活性和抗紫外线功能。     

Optical Properties of Fluorescent Dyes

Fluorescent dyes have been widely used these years. Because of the special optical performance, conventional CCM systems seem to be unable to predict the recipes of fabrics dyed with fluorescent dyes. In order to enhance the functions of CCM systems, the optical properties of fluorescent dyes in their absorption region were investigated. It has been found that there was a fixed maximum absorption wavelength for each fluorescent dyes whatever its concentration is. Both absorption region and maximum absorption wavelength of the dyes in solution are the same to those in fabric, and that the absorption is directly proportional to the concentration of the dye. So the optical properties obtained in solutions cna be applied for describing the optics performance of fluorescent dyes in fabrics.     

药用植物染料的特征和功能实现(II):染色效果及抗菌性能

介绍了常用天然植物药的染色效果和实现条件,及其药用植物染料的上染特征,染色牢度的特点和提高染色效果的方法,并概述了织物经药用植物染料染色后的抗微生物活性和抗紫外线功能。     

Application of Acid Dyestuffs with Different Molecule Structure in Combined Dyeing and Finishing of Cotton Fabric

Simultaneous dyeing and durable press finishing of cotton fabrics with acid dyes bearing the different molecule structure and durable press finishing agent （DP agent abbr. ） based on modified DMDHEU were investigated by using the pad-dry-cure process. Some factors affecting the process, such as structure of acid dyes, DP agent, catalysts and curing temperature were discussed. The dyed and finished fabrics were evaluated with respect to color strength, fixation, crease recovery angle, breaking strength and fastness properties. The results indicate that structure of acid dyes has a striking effect on the color strength of dyed and finished cotton fabric. The color strength and dry crease recovery angle of dyed and finished cotton fabric increases, whereas breaking strength decreases with increasing concentration of DP agent. It is necessary for ammonium nitrate to serve as catalyst. It is found that relatively satisfactory properties of dyed and finished cotton fabric can be obtained with appropriate adjustment of treating conditions.     

染料化学结构对稀土染色效果的影响

稀土是否可以作为染色助剂,已经引起广泛关注。实验发现,稀土染色效果与染料种类有直接关系;并可将染料分为三类;一类为稀土染色在样品颜色外观上有明显增浓现象,可节省染料量5～15％;另一类为稀土染色在样品颜色外观上虽无明显增浓现象,但透染性能良好,第三类为稀土染色有明显的色相改变现象。对进一步研究稀土染色机理和指导生产应用有一定意义。     

New Technology of Disperse Dyes Solubilized by Auxiliaries Dyeing to Wool

The new technology of disperse dyes solubilized by auxil-iary dycing to wool is put forward creatively.On the ef-fect of agent HM made by ourselves,the wool can bedyed by disperse dyes.The effects of temperature,pHvalue,liquor ratio,electrolyte and concentration ofHM,on the percentage of exhaustion,dyeing rate andpermeability,levelness are researched.This technologyhas many advantages,e.g.superior levelness and wet-fastness,saving dyes,simple process and bright shadeetc.,this project has utmost values of theory researchand practice application.     

Preparation and Application of Microencapsulated Disperse Dyes

Microcapsules containing disperse dyes were prepared by means of in-situ polymerization. Polyester fabrics were multiple-transfer printed and color-mix printed using those microencapsulated dyes under different process conditions. By color measurement instrument, it can be seen that the times of multiple-transfer printing are up to ten while under appropriate conditions, especially when the transfer printing time is 50 seconds and the transfer printing temperature is 180° C. On the other hand, the K/S value of each transfer printing can keep almost constant. Meanwhile, the visual effect of color-mix printing with microencapsulated disperse dyes is special in the varicolored exhibiting if compared with conventional disperse dyes.