RED算法的分析及其在FPGA中的实现

拥塞检测与拥塞避免算法是实现IP网络QoS的重要措施之一。随机早检测算法通过计算TCP流的平均队列长度，进行适当的概率丢弃分组，从而有效地避免了由TCP流导致的网络拥塞。该算法因其具有较低的时延、较高的吞吐量和较好的公平性而被广泛采用。首先详细阐述了RED算法的基本原理，通过对算法的理解和分析。提出了一种有效的和可行的FPGA实现方案，该方案在遵循算法原理本身的同时，以相对较少的硬件资源和快速性实现了RED算法。     

基于RED的网络拥塞控制算法研究及改进

随机早期检测(Random Early Detection,RED)算法是为TCP流设计的一个主动队列管理机制,能在一定程度上缓解网络拥塞.在RED算法中丢包率与包的大小之间是独立的,这就造成了对小包的歧视.在packet size算法中,通过对RED算法进行适当的改进,体现了丢包率和吞吐量之间的公平性.在此基础上进一步分析,用平均包的大小来影响丢包率以提高网络性能.仿真实验表明该算法对网络拥塞控制具有较好效果.     

区分协议类型的RED公平性改进算法

由于UDP协议无拥塞控制功能,与TCP流量竞争带宽时具有优势.早期互联网绝大多数流量均使用TCP协议,但随着以网络视频为主的新兴网络服务的广泛应用,使得传统的TCP流量在拥塞链路带宽竞争中不公平.为了提高路由器对TCP流量的公平性,对路由器队列管理中的随机早检测算法RED进行了研究,提出了区分协议类型的RED改进算法Flow-RED,并且在NS-2网络模拟器中实现了该算法,使得在拥塞链路中使用TCP/UDP协议的吞吐量大致相当.实验结果表明,此方法能够改善TCP流量的服务质量.     

IP拥塞控制RED算法性能仿真分析

IP层实现的主动队列管理（AQM）方案已经成为目前拥塞控制算法研究中的热点。文中对AQM的惟一候选算法，即随机早期检测（RED）进行了研究，并基于OPNET仿真实验，比较和分析了不同网络环境和参数设置下RED算法的性能。仿真结果表明，RED算法对网络的拥塞变化反应较缓慢。进而，运用控制理论对RED性能的改善进行了讨论。     

基于P-RED算法的计算机网络TCP拥塞控制

源端到目的端的往返传输时延将给TCP拥塞控制的稳定性和快速性带来极大的不利．基于此，应用控制理论中的Smith原理，并与随机早期检测(RED)算法相结合，提出了具有预测能力的RED(P—RED)算法，以使TCP拥塞控制更加及时．控制的稳定性更高．此外，从理论上分析了该算法的稳定性，并导出了算法中主要参数取值的理论范围，从而对参数的设置起指导作用，从理论上保证了控制的品质．     

一种基于CAPPROBE带宽估计的TCP Westwood算法

无线局域网中,传统拥塞控制算法往往把因信道错误引发的丢包归因于网络拥塞,进而不必要地减小拥塞窗口(cwnd),导致传输性能下降.为了解决这个问题,TCP Westwood(TCPW)算法通过监听ACK流估计网络带宽,以此调整拥塞算法的参数.在TCPW中引入更准确的CAPPROBE带宽估计,提出并实现了一种TCPW CARPROBE的网络拥塞算法(TCPWC).该算法通过设计ACK双包机制和CAPPROBE算法获得更精确的瓶颈链路带宽估计值,合理调整cwnd和慢启动算法的阈值(ssthresh),避免拥塞控制机制的过度反应,从而提高无线网络的传输性能.在NS3仿真环境实验中,该算法与传统的TCP Tahoe、TCP Reno和TCP NewReno机制相比,不仅提高了网络吞吐量,而且具有友好性和公平性,从而验证算法的优越性.     

一种改进的TCP友好拥塞控制算法

比较和分析了各种TCP友好拥塞控制算法,提出了能避免瞬时突发流干扰的拥塞控制算法.该算法根据TFRC算法模型,改进了模型参数的计算方法,并在网络发生拥塞时,利用"最小速率限制定时器"确定网络拥塞时按最小速率发送所持续的时间,从而避免瞬时突发流对网络带宽估计的影响,实现网络拥塞的准确判断,保证传输的平稳性和有效性.     

具有优先级区分的RED算法研究

为解决网络拥塞问题,实现网络用户的服务区分,提出了一种基于IPv6网络的可区分用户优先级的主动队列管理算法,即优先级区分RED(Random Early Detection)算法.该算法在IPv6基本报头的流标签域中标记用户的优先级,并对不同优先级的数据包进行不同的丢包处理.通过OMNeT++3.2模拟仿真的实验结果表明,基于IPv6网络的优先级区分RED算法能区分用户的优先级,保证了有优先级用户的服务质量.     

具有优先级区分的RED算法研究

为解决网络拥塞问题, 实现网络用户的服务区分, 提出了一种基于IPv6网络的可区分用户优先级的主动队列管理算法, 即优先级区分RED(Random Early Detection)算法。该算法在IPv6基本报头的流标签域中标记用户的优先级, 并对不同优先级的数据包进行不同的丢包处理。通过OMNeT++3.2模拟仿真的实验结果表明, 基于IPv6网络的优先级区分RED算法能区分用户的优先级, 保证了有优先级用户的服务质量。     

网络拥塞控制中基于最佳窗口的RED算法

:Floyd提出的随机提前检测(RandomEarlyDetection,RED)算法是拥塞控制领域中一种有效的分组丢弃机制,在模拟实验和实际监测中都取得了良好的效果.但它使用了具有抖动问题的4.3BSDTCP的窗口调整算法.另一方面,Mitra通过渐近线结果所得出的最佳窗口设计方程可以改善窗口抖动问题,但其通过平均往返时间调整窗口大小,与一般TCP窗口调整算法不同.文中以Mitra的渐近线结果为基础,推导基于排队长度的最佳窗口设计算法,并在此基础上提出了基于最佳窗口的设计RED算法.模拟结果表明,基于最佳窗口设计的RED算法可结合RED与最佳窗口设计机制的优点,其平均排队长度和排队长度抖动性能均优于Floyd的RED算法,可有效地进行网络拥塞控制     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.