miRNA作用通路研究

后基因组时代的分子生物学研究需要从整体的角度,系统地阐述基因参与的生物调控过程,已有的通过构建基因调控网络的方式所做的系统生物学研究主要关注于蛋白编码基因之间的相互作用。随着近年来非编码RNA（noncoding RNA）,特别是miRNA研究的深入,显示生物体内存在着广泛的基因转录后调控。本论文通过建立综合蛋白质编码基因与miRNA基因相互作用关系的基因调控网络,分析了人类基因组中涉及miRNA的三类作用模式：（1）宿主基因与内含子miRNA共同作用于另一个蛋白编码基因。（2）miRNA簇中的不同miRNA分别作用于存在着相互作用的两个蛋白编码基因。（3）由两个宿主基因与其各自的内含子miRNA形成双向负调控回路。本研究的结果为进一步认识人类miRNA基因的功能特性提供了重要参考,研究所预测的数据为实验验证提供了依据。     

MicroRNAs研究进展

MicroRNAs简称miRNAs(微小RNAs),是真核生物、原核生物以及病毒中由非编码蛋白基因转录成的初级前体microRNAs加工成的调控因子.在转录后水平和蛋白质翻译水平,microRNAs通过降解或翻译抑制调控靶mRNA.这些microRNAs在广泛的生物过程中发挥重要作用,包括细胞增殖,分化和凋亡.主要介绍microR-NAs的特征,加工与成熟过程,作用机制以及其功能.     

日本对虾miR-34靶基因预测及其生物信息学分析

已有研究表明日本对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus shrimp)miR-34(mja-miR-34)参与调控白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus, WSSV)的感染，但其调控的宿主基因还未具体阐述.本研究首先比对了miR-34在17个物种中的序列，并使用TargetScan 5.1和miRanda预测了miR-34调控的宿主基因.结果显示，miR-34在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性；mja-miR-34可靶向作用于242个宿主编码的基因，且在病毒感染不同时间段呈现差异表达；利用GO注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析结果表明，mja-miR-34的靶基因参与细胞代谢、细胞信号转导、免疫系统以及遗传信息的调控等过程；mja-miR-34在对虾体内可调控靶基因(translation initiation factor)的表达.结果说明mja-miR-34及其靶基因参与病毒感染等多个细胞进程，但还有待进一步验证.本研究可为mja-miR-34靶基因的鉴定及其生物学功能的研究提供数据支持和理论指导.     

水稻全基因组磷脂酶家族蛋白筛选及其生物信息学分析

利用已鉴定磷脂酶基因同源筛选的方法对水稻全基因组范围的磷脂酶基因进行鉴定与筛选,有助于研究其家族基因的各种功能.通过对水稻全基因组进行分析,筛选鉴定磷脂酶家族成员,并对编码蛋白的跨膜区、等电点、分子量等理化性质以及进化、基因组定位、表达特征进行生物信息分析.结果表明：水稻磷脂酶家族基因分为3个亚组,亚组内基因表现出明显相似的结构及进化特征,且磷脂酶家族基因编码蛋白具有相同的3个保守基序,染色体上的磷脂酶家族基因表现出了明显的不均衡性,磷脂酶家族大部分基因表达量偏低,部分表现出了组织表达偏好性,少部分基因在水稻各个组织或生育阶段表达量比较高,可能同水稻发育相关.     

水稻OsMDH基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)OsAAP6基因是控制水稻种子蛋白质含量的主效数量性状座位(quantitative trait locus, QTL)基因，对水稻品质性状产生重要影响，而OsMDH蛋白能够与OsAAP6基因发生相互作用。利用生物信息学策略对OsMDH蛋白的理化性质、蛋白结构及功能进行预测，探究OsMDH基因的生物学功能。结果表明：水稻OsMDH基因的编码区(coding sequence, CDS)区长999 bp,编码332个氨基酸；编码蛋白为疏水蛋白且不存在信号结构，包含两个跨膜结构。通过蛋白互作分析，发现OsMDH可能与柠檬酸合酶、延胡索酸酶等发生相互作用，参与三羧酸循环过程。     

水稻miR446及其靶基因APP1在非生物胁迫中 的功能研究

根据基因芯片的数据筛选出Osa-miR446及靶基因作为研究对象.生物信息学分析表明,Osa-miR446有4个候选靶基因,通过RACE技术对这些候选靶基因进行鉴定,发现只有LOC_Os03g56930.1(APP1基因)可得到理想的剪切条带,测序后比对可知该剪切位点位于APP1基因的内含子区域(第1036~1037个碱基).随后,通过克隆获得APP1基因,信息学分析可知该基因开放阅读框长度为711bp,是一个编码237个氨基酸的新的未定性的疏水性蛋白质.Southern杂交结果显示APP1在水稻基因组中为单拷贝基因.利用荧光定量PCR分析了Osa-miR446及其靶基因APP1在非生物胁迫中的表达模式,结果表明Osa-miR446与APP1基因的表达均呈负相关,说明Osa-miR446确实可通过剪切APP1基因的转录产物来对非生物胁迫应答.     

OsICK1 基因植物反义表达载体的构建及遗传转化

OsICK1是水稻细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂基因.我们构建了水稻细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂基因(OsICK1)的植物反义表达载体,在农杆菌的介导下尝试使antisense OsICK1 整合到水稻基因组中并初步得到验证.为进一步研究OsICK1 对水稻细胞周期调控的作用奠定了基础.     

基于生物信息学的结核杆菌候选药靶基因的分析筛选

结核分支杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)是结核病的致病菌,MTB基因组和蛋白质组的研究为筛选新的抗MTB药物提供了可能．鉴于前人所做的工作,目前比较一致的意见是：与MTB细胞壁的合成相关的酶类,尤其是与脂肪酸合成和降解相关的酶类,是筛选抗结核杆菌药物的理想靶标．选取与脂肪酸合成、分解、转运相关的187个基因,分析blast结果,剔除与人和其他生物(如大肠杆菌等)蛋白序列相似性大于60％的基因．利用相关生物软件挑选出至少有一个糖基位点且具有溶剂可及性的抗原基因9个．本研究为以后分析药靶基因编码蛋白质的三维结构、利用现有的生物技术和有关的化合物对候选药靶进行功能研究、在细胞水平加以验证打下基础．     

马铃薯青枯病(Ralstonia solanacearum)质粒基因组分泌蛋白信号肽初步分析

应用SignalP 3.0,TMHMM 2.0,THUMBUP,big-PI,TargetP 1.01,Lipop 1.0,TatP 1.0等7种软件分别对马铃薯青枯病菌Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000质粒基因组1 681个氨基酸序列进行预测分析.结果表明,该物种质粒基因组分泌蛋白有85个,占其基因组编码蛋白的5.1%.通过对质粒分泌蛋白切割位点信号肽类型分析后发现具Ⅰ型信号肽的分泌蛋白有73个,Ⅱ型的有12个,所有分泌蛋白中具RR-motif信号肽结构的有3个,且均为Ⅰ型信号肽.质粒分泌蛋白中,59个具可预测功能,26个为未知功能蛋白.已知功能的分泌蛋白主要集中于细胞代谢,细胞调控及转运,细胞膜结构等领域.在质粒分泌蛋白中发现3个Ⅲ型信号肽分泌蛋白,该类蛋白是由hip基因编码产生,在植物及动物病原细菌中相当保守,负责将效应蛋白分子转运到寄主细胞中从而产生致病作用.这些功能是该物种在长期进化过程中与环境中各种因子发生互作,相互适应的结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to