沿海地区大气透过率的特征分析

利用LOWTRAN7大气辐射计算模式，对2个红外通道分别选取不同的模式大气进行计算，得到了各种模式大气的大气透过率。利用沿海地区的历史资料初步分析了沿海区域模式大气，计算了沿海地区的大气透过率，并讨论了整体、细致边界层方案的模式计算值，得出一些有意义的结论。     

利用遗传算法求大气压强精确公式

利用有关文献提供的大气在1－11km对流层的大气压强实测数据，运用遗传算法反演精确计算出由多态方程推导大气压强公式中的大气比热比γ，从而给出计算大气压强的精确公式，其计算值与实测值非常吻合，并与文献给出的大气压强公式进行了比较，结果表明，用遗传算法所确定的大气压强精确公式更准确，说明遗传算法在反演问题中具有很高的应用价值。     

边界层气象要素垂直廓线的数值计算

借助于湍流能量方程和湍流耗散率方程，用方程组闭合的方法，建立了大气边界层模式。采用单点常规的气象观测资料，计算了大气边界层内外特征参数和气象要素的垂直廓线，再现了边界层的结构特征，计算结果与系留探空观测比较，廓线的变化趋势基本一致。     

开发区区域大气和水环境容量的计算及管理

介绍了开发区大气、水环境容量计算及管理方法，并以湖南城陵矶经济技术开发区为例，初步了方法的具体应用和有关细节处理，所介绍的方法将对其他类似开发区大气、水环境容量的计算及管理起到一定的借鉴和指导作用。     

大气混合层厚度的计算方法及影响因子

本文讲述了大气混合层厚度的定义及它在大气环境保护中的作用。论述了大气混合层厚度的多种计算方法如国标法、干绝热法、罗氏法等，并分析了大气混合层厚度的各种影响因子。其中大气稳定度是决定混合层厚度的最主要因子。     

焦作城市大气SO2污染源解析及空间分析

建立了适合于焦作市城区大气SO2污染的解析模型，利用该模式计算了1996-2000年焦作市城区大气中的SO2体积质量和主要污染源的体积质量贡献，结合GIS技术对该区的大气SO2污染进行了空间分析，绘制了大气SO2体积质量等值线图和焦作市大气SO2污染分区评价图，为环境管理部门提高管理水平和管理效率提供参考。     

不同下垫面热通量和水汽通量的数值计算

发展了一个裸露土壤的参数化数值计算方法，检验了土壤物理参数对土壤－大气界面热通量和水汽通量计算的敏感性。结果表明，土壤工是最重要的土壤特征参数，它直接控制着地表和大气之间水，热通量的输送强度和热量平衡。     

宇宙背景辐射下太阳电磁辐射

宇宙中存在着温度为3K的背景辐射，故在宇宙中太阳的电磁辐射不会无穷远。利用字宙学的结果计算了微波背景辐射下太阳辐射的射程，并与地球大气中的情况做了比较。计算表明，宇宙中的辐射距离大约是地球大气中辐射距离的1亿倍。     

武清区燃煤污染分析及治理方案的研究

以2003年度天津武清区燃煤大气污染源(未包括电厂)为调查对象(分为采暖期和非采暖期两套数据)．课题建立了天津武清区基于燃煤污染的大气污染源排放清单数据库，通过大气扩散模型计算分析了各类污染源排放大气污染物的浓度时空分布特征，并模拟了不同的空气污染控制对策的环境效益，为空气污染治理提供了科学依据．     

兰州市城关区大气颗粒物分析研究

利用兰州市大气颗粒物监测条件，分析了大气颗粒物浓度变化与气象条件的关系，并从该区污染状况考虑。利用化学平衡法将主要污染源对大气粒物的贡献率，分别就采暖期与非采暖期进行了计算。对该区的污染特征及其在采暖期与非采暖期的变化做了初步的分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to