海水介质中环境友好型紫铜缓蚀剂的缓蚀性研究(英文)

采用失重法、极化曲线、电镜扫描和XPS能谱分析等方法对苯并三氮唑(BTA)及其复合缓蚀剂对海水中紫铜的缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理进行了研究。实验结果表明:单独使用BTA浓度达到150mg·L-1时,缓蚀率大于90%;BTA与柠檬酸钠复配后,缓蚀率有了很大提高,当BTA浓度为2mg·L-1,柠檬酸钠浓度为20mg·L-1时,缓蚀率达到96.0%,腐蚀速率为0.01014mm/a,缓蚀剂成本大大降低。极化曲线试验结果表明,BTA缓蚀剂在海水中为阴极型缓蚀剂,BTA与柠檬酸钠复合缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂。对添加了缓蚀剂的海水中的紫铜表面进行的扫描电镜测试及XPS能谱分析的实验结果表明:添加了BTA和柠檬酸钠缓蚀剂的紫铜表面光滑,基本没有腐蚀;且在试片表面形成了缓蚀剂各组分均参与成膜的非水溶性保护层,有效的抑制了紫铜在海水中的溶解腐蚀。     

BTA对碳钢在LiBr溶液中腐蚀的影响

采用静态挂片法研究苯并三氮唑(BTA)对碳钢在 LiBr 溶液中腐蚀的影响,利用极化曲线探讨其缓蚀作用的机理.实验表明 BTA 对碳钢在 LiBr 溶液中有一定的缓蚀作用,其中添加0.020 mol·L~(-1)BTA 和0.20 mol·L~(-1) LiOH 能显著抑制 LiBr 溶液对碳钢的腐蚀。BTA 可能是在碳钢表面形成一层 Fe-BTA 吸附膜,阻滞阳极反应从而起到缓蚀作用。     

复配缓蚀剂在油水混合液中的缓蚀性能

以2-巯基苯并咪唑（MBI）为缓蚀剂,MBI与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为复配缓蚀剂,考察其在模拟油田情况下对20#钢的缓蚀性能的影响。采用SEM和AES考察缓蚀剂使用前后碳钢的表面形貌和各元素含量,利用腐蚀速率快速评定仪对20#钢材料的腐蚀速率进行测定,由电化学工作站测试20#钢的极化曲线和交流阻抗曲线。实验结果表明,当测试温度为30℃时,单独使用MBI对20#钢有一定缓蚀效果, MBI质量浓度为1.98g/L时缓蚀效率最高,为86.04%;当采用MBI+CTAB复配缓蚀剂时,缓蚀效果优于单独使用MBI时的缓蚀效果, CTAB质量浓度为0.3g/L时缓蚀效率达到95.87%。     

蓖麻的组织培养

以蓖麻（Ricinus communis L．）的胚芽顶、下胚轴、子叶和胚根为外植体,研究不同激素种类和浓度对其诱导脱分化和再分化能力和对丛芽增殖和生根的影响,为蓖麻离体快繁体系的成功建立提供重要依据．结果表明。胚芽顶是最适的芽增殖外植体．最适芽增殖培养基为MS＋BA0．4mg·L^-1＋IAA0．01mg·L^-1;生根培养基为MS＋NAA0．2mg·L^-1;在BA0．5～1．0mg·L^-1、和IAA0．1～0．5mg·L^-1。时,愈伤组织诱导率为56％～100％．分化率为零．     

西红花球茎组织培养的研究

以球茎切块为外植体，MS为基本培养基，0．5mg·L^-1 6-BA和2mg·L^-1 2，4-D为激素，在（20±2）℃，黑暗环境下培养，可以获得98％的愈伤组织诱导率．愈伤转入MS＋5．0mg·L^-1 6-BA＋5．0mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中，可诱导丛生芽的产生，将丛生芽切成单个不定芽后转移到MS＋4．0mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0．5mg·L^-1 NAA的培养基中，光照条件下可诱导新生小球茎的产生．     

土人参愈伤组织诱导及植株快繁体系建立

以MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的NAA、6-BA,研究不同激素水平对茎段、叶片、果实愈伤组织诱导的影响。结果表明叶片、茎段的愈伤组织诱导效果最好,出愈率可达100％。愈伤组织在适宜培养基上能快速增殖。带腋芽茎段在培养过程中可产生丛生芽,经继代培养可大量增殖。小苗在无激素MS培养基中容易生根,健壮小苗经驯化后移栽,成活率可达90％。建立了土人参的快繁体系。愈伤组织诱导培养基：MS＋NAA 1．0mg·L^-1＋6-BA 1．0—2．0mg·L^-1;增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 0．5mg·L^-1＋NAA 0．5mg·L^-1;丛生芽继代增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA 1．0mg·L^-1＋IAA 0．1mg·L^-1。     

环保型复合缓蚀剂的制备与性能

为了解决碳钢在含有NaCl溶液中的腐蚀问题,在硅酸钠溶液中复配其他缓蚀组分,制备环保型复合缓蚀剂.通过Tafel极化曲线,盐水浸泡实验,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对缓蚀剂的性能进行表征.实验结果表明:在室温条件下含缓蚀剂的NaCl水溶液(质量分数5%)对碳钢的腐蚀速率明显降低,缓蚀率达到85.58%,SEM分析显示碳钢表面形成了一层致密的钝化膜;随着腐蚀体系的温度、搅拌速度升高以及碳钢浸泡时间的延长,缓蚀效率不断下降.     

以胎座为外植体高效克隆毛泡桐的技术

采用优选毛泡桐单株为材料,以胎座、茎段、叶片为外植体,对不同激素种类、组合和浓度在愈伤组织诱导、芽苗分化中的影响进行了研究．实验结果表明,采用胎座为外植体,具有污染率低、诱导愈伤组织和芽分化效率高的优点,从而建立了采取花后35d左右的无胚珠胎座在MS＋2,4-D0．5—2．0mg·L^-。或NAA0．7—1．2mg·L^-1＋6-BA0．1mg·L^-1＋sucrose3％＋agar0．75％培养基中诱导愈伤组织,在2／3MS＋NAA0．3mg·L^-1。＋6BA2．0mg·L^-1＋sucrose3％＋agar0．75％培养基中分化出芽,在1／2MS＋IBA0．5mg·L^-1＋NAA0．1mg·L^-1＋活性炭0．03％＋sucrose2％＋agar0．75％的培养基中生根培养,并且在2／3细砂＋1／3同土为基质保湿控阳条件下试管苗移植的高效克隆泡桐的技术体系．     

细叶石斛原球茎和丛生芽增殖的研究

为了筛选出适合细叶石斛原球茎增殖、丛生芽增殖的培养基配方,把相同发育阶段的原球茎接种于含不同激素浓度的培养基中生长;把丛生芽接种于激素浓度不同的培养基中生长.研究结果初步表明在MS＋0.05mg·L^-1NAA＋0.15mg·L^-16-BA培养基比较适合原球茎的增殖,MS＋0.6mg·L^-1NAA＋1.0mg·L^-16-BA培养基对丛生芽的增殖效果较好.     

Na2WO4与BTA复配对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用交流阻抗法和极化曲线法来研究环境友好型缓蚀剂钨酸盐和苯并三氮唑(BTA)、ZnSO4、D-葡萄糖酸钠等的复配对碳钢的缓蚀效果.研究发现,当缓蚀剂总浓度为5×10-4 mol/L时,钨酸盐和BTA复配摩尔比为2∶1时缓蚀效果最好,当配方中含有4 mg/L ZnSO4,其缓蚀效果有一定增加;再加入10 mg/L D-葡萄糖酸钠后缓蚀效果明显增加.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to