基于三方向图的多尺度平滑指纹奇异点检测

为解决低质量指纹图像定位奇异点位置偏移及定位区域过大的问题,提出了一种基于三方向图的多尺度平滑奇异点检测算法.首先,计算指纹图像的方向场和频率场估计并用Gabor滤波器对指纹图像进行增强.然后,计算指纹图像中脊线上像素点的方向并对其进行三方向划分得到指纹脊线方向图.最终,去掉噪点并填补非脊线区域,同时检测多个平滑尺度下的奇异点位置并通过信息融合剔除伪特征点,精确定位奇异点.对FVC2002,FVC2004和FVC2006指纹图像库进行实验,结果表明:该算法对低质量指纹图像奇异点检测的准确率有明显提升,奇异点检测的总准确率达92.35%,可将奇异点精确定位在2×2像素区域内.     

基于方向图的指纹图像自适应二值化算法研究

对指纹图像二值化方法作了探讨,采用一种基于方向图的、自适应的指纹图像二值化方法.该方法充分利用了指纹图像本身方向和灰度变化的特点,在保持指纹特征基本不丢失的情况下,可直接从指纹源图像中得到二值化图像,一次性完成一般图像处理中的平滑、增强、二值化的过程.采用梯度法计算指纹的方向图,通过低通滤波器对方向图校正,以方向图为基础对指纹图像进行二值化.实验表明,此算法对质量差的指纹能够取得令人满意的处理效果.     

局部最小二乘法校正中药指纹图谱信号的组分保留时间漂移

提出和实现了采用局部最小二乘法对中药指纹图谱中的组分保留时间漂移进行校正的方法。首先介绍了标准最小二乘法的算法原理,针对标准最小二乘法直线拟合在处理指纹图谱数据时的局限性,根据中药指纹图谱信号数据的特点,提出对组分复杂的中药指纹图谱信号采用局部最小二乘法实现对组分保留时间漂移的校正。对3组田基黄中药样本的指纹图谱信号采用局部最小二乘法进行处理,从校正前后相似度结果的对比可知,校正后的相似度均有不同程度的提高,证明文中所提方法的可行性和优越性。     

一种改进的Mean Shift指纹图像分割算法

基于传统指纹图像分割算法, 提出一种改进的Mean Shift指纹图像分割算法. 该算法利用指纹图像固有的方向性特性, 把经过分割后的每个指纹图像区域抽象为一个样本点, 将区域内像素点的灰度均值作为均值向量, 从而有效地实现了指纹图像分割. 实验结果表明, 该算法能准确地将指纹图像中的模糊区域和背景区域分离, 提高了指纹图像分割的精确度, 并且对于多数指纹图像准确性较好.     

基于方向图的指纹纹线检出算法研究

指纹纹线检出大多是先按指纹方向图增强指纹图象，然后进行图象分割。但因指纹脊线内和谷线内的图象增强方向可能不一致，使得图象分割的效果不好。作者提出一种直接按指纹方向图进行指纹纹线检出的算法，它先采用拓宽的Prewitt算子计算指纹图象的梯度矢量图，然后用局部最大梯度法计算指纹方向图，最后用阶跃函数模拟从原始指纹图象和指纹方向图中进行指纹纹线检出。     

自动指纹识别系统图像分割算法的研究

以指纹为代表的个人身份识别和认证，早就得到了人们的认可和使用．由于指纹具有唯一性和终身不变性，正成为近年来应用最为广泛的生物特征．一幅采集到的指纹图像，总不可避免地存在背景区域，所谓分割就是将背景区域从指纹图像中分离出来．噪声区域和背景区域各点的方向是随机分布的，而前景区域各点在某一方向上占主导地位．因此，前景区域中在与纹线流垂直的方向上灰度方差较大而在沿纹线流方向上方差较小．提出了一种指纹图像分割的新方法，首先将指纹图像分块，准确提取出每块的方向信息．分别沿平行块方向和垂直块方向求取块内各点的灰度变化，并计算该块在这两方向上所有点的平均灰度变化．对指纹图像每一块的两个方向灰度变化进行归一化处理，结合这两种判断依据确定该块是属于前景区域还是属于背景区域．本算法充分利用了指纹图像特有的方向性和灰度特性，能准确地将背景区域从指纹图像中分离出来，既节约了预处理时间，又能保证一定精度．     

一种基于多级分块错切的指纹奇异点检测算法

准确、可靠地检测指纹奇异点(core点和delta点)，对于指纹分类和指纹匹配具有非常重要的意义．针对指纹图像奇异点的精确定位和可靠性判断的难题，提出了一种基于多级分块错切的指纹奇异点检测新方法．首先，对于一枚指纹图像，在同一分块尺寸下进行多次图像错位分块。并且分别在不同的图像错位分块情况下检测指纹的奇异点，得到区域相对集中的奇异点位置的集合，并计算其质心，以精确确定奇异点的位置．然后，在不同的分块尺寸下分别采用平滑和不平滑的方法进行指纹方向场的估计，并分别根据以上方法估计的指纹方向场信息进行指纹奇异点的检测．最后。利用不同情况下检测的指纹奇异点位置相互关联的特性，进行指纹奇异点的精确、可靠检测．该方法利用了多次图像错位分块检测的奇异点位置相对集中和各级分块尺寸下采用不同方法检测的指纹奇异点位置相关联的特性，能够从指纹图像中较精确、可靠地检测出奇异点。对低质量指纹图像具有良好的鲁棒性．在部分典型低质量指纹图像上的实验结果验证了该方法的有效性．     

多指标指纹图像分割方法研究

将投票决策系统引入到指纹图像分割过程中,提出了一种多指标投票决策指纹图像分割方法.首先选择区域灰度方差、灰度均值、块方向方差均值和点方向集中度指标等分割指标,然后分别采用单指标、双指标、多指标分别对指纹图像进行分割处理,最后针对所获得的多个指纹图像分割结果,采用投票决策系统在结果层进行决策融合,获得最终的指纹图像分割结...     

最小二乘改进算法及其在椭圆拟合中的应用

提出一种像素级边缘检测椭圆拟合新算法,用该算法对最小二乘算法进行了改进。首先,将符合要求的准椭圆转化到归一化坐标系;然后利用最小二乘法进行亚像素级椭圆拟合;最后,采用二次曲线拟合点集求解出亚像素及椭圆几何中心。在给定的图形中,利用本文提出的改进像素级边缘检测算法可以明显提高拟合不确定度和拟合精度。     

基于相位的指纹图像预处理与匹配算法

自动指纹识别技术的研究和应用是目前生物特征识别研究的热点课题,近年来被广泛应用于各种个人身份识别和验证系统中．自动指纹识别技术大致可以分为指纹图像预处理和指纹匹配两个主要过程．本文并针对指纹图像的特点设计了基于相位指纹图像预处理与匹配算法,解决了图像归一化、图像分割和方向场平滑和图像二值化中出现的问题．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-