压电俘能器涡激振动俘能的建模与实验研究

针对微机电系统和传感器等低能耗电子产品的持续供能问题,提出了一种涡激振动式压电俘能器。该俘能器由压电悬臂梁和末端圆柱体组成,结构简单,可在较低水流流速下产生涡激共振,得到较大的能量输出。通过数学建模和实验测试的方法,研究了水流速度和外接电阻对压电俘能器振动和俘能的影响规律。实验结果表明:压电俘能器的振动频率随流速的增大而增大,振动幅值在涡激共振时最大,输出功率受流速和外接电阻两者影响,较小外接电阻适合较高流速,较大电阻适合较低流速,压电俘能器在涡激共振处可获得最大的能量输出,当外接电阻为0.5 MΩ、流速为0.41m/s时,实验测试得到了8.3μW的最大输出功率。数值分析结果与实验测试结果吻合较好,验证了数学模型的正确性。     

一种基于碰撞的压电宽频能量收集装置

研究了一种基于碰撞的压电宽频能量收集装置,从理论上分析了该能量收集装置输出开路电压与悬臂梁尖端位移的关系;利用等效电路,分析了负载输出功率与负载电阻的关系,得出了最大输出功率的负载条件.搭建了一套测量系统,以实现对悬臂梁尖端位移和能量收集装置输出电压的测量,得到了能量收集装置随外界振动频率及振动幅度变化的输出特性曲线,并与单梁结构的能量收集装置结果进行了比较.实验结果表明,相比于单悬臂梁结构,基于碰撞的压电宽频能量收集装置能有效地拓宽工作频率范围,实现了宽频能量的收集.     

悬臂梁双压电振动能量采集器的发电性能

为了收集环境中的振动能量,实现无线传感器网络节点等低能耗器件的自供电,针对电动机的机械振动,设计了一种可采集电动机振动能量的压电振动能量采集器。研究了电动机转速、负载阻值和悬臂梁自由端固定、不同质量永磁铁块对压电振动能量采集器输出电压和输出功率的影响。实验结果表明,负载上电压随着负载阻值的增大而增大;输出功率不随负载阻值和所加永磁铁质量的增大,而是存在一个最优负载和一个最佳质量的永磁铁。当电动机的振动频率等于悬臂梁双压电振子的固有频率时,输出功率达到最大;并与理论计算值接近。     

悬臂梁双压电振动能量采集器发电性能研究

为了收集环境中的振动能量,实现无线传感器网络节点等低能耗器件的自供电,针对电动机的机械振动,设计了一种可采集电动机振动能量的压电振动能量采集器。研究了电动机转速、负载阻值和悬臂梁自由端固定不同质量永磁铁块对压电振动能量采集器输出电压和输出功率的影响。实验结果表明,负载上电压随着负载阻值的增大而增大;输出功率不随负载阻值和所加永磁铁质量的增大,而是存在一个最优负载和一个最佳质量的永磁铁,当电动机的振动频率等于悬臂梁双压电振子的固有频率时,输出功率达到最大,并与理论计算值接近。     

基于涡致振动的内置压电悬臂梁柔性圆管能量收集结构的数值模拟

为了分析基于涡致振动的内置双晶压电悬臂梁柔性圆管压电能量收集结构的运动机理和性能,对其进行了流固耦合和压电耦合数值模拟。对一端固定一端自由的柔性圆管进行了流固耦合数值模拟,在流速为1.1 m/s,柔性圆管直径D为0.03 m,高度为0.11 m时,该结构的涡致振动能够处于稳定的锁频状态。对折合速度为1.3～4.0,中心距为3D～6D的前置等径刚性圆柱阻流体的柔性圆管进行了流固耦合和压电耦合的数值模拟。研究结果表明,柔性圆管的振幅响应和压电悬臂梁的开路输出电压均随折合速度的增大而增大,在仿真参数范围内,结构的振幅响应和输出电压时程曲线均为稳定的周期函数。当折合流速为4.0,中心距为5D时,结构产生的振幅最大,为2.38×10~(-3) m,电压为6.75 V。证明了根据不同流速,可以通过调节圆管的结构参数以使涡致振动产生锁频现象,从而得到最大振幅和输出电压,进而可将其用于电能收集,为下一步能量收集结构的实验制备提供了理论参考。     

悬臂梁双晶压电能量采集装置的实验探究

为提高双晶压电振子的发电能力,探究了一种悬臂梁式双晶压电能量采集装置的发电性能。实验研究了振动台频率、激励位移、负载阻值和悬臂梁自由端质量块对悬臂梁式双晶压电能量采集装置输出电压和负载功率的影响,将两片双晶压电振子并联,探究了它们的发电性能。实验表明,存在谐振频率,使得输出电压最大;输出电压随着激励位移和负载阻值的增大而增大,并与激励位移呈一次函数关系;双晶压电振子外接匹配负载时,负载功率最大;随着质量块的质量在一定程度上的增加,输出电压随频率变化的曲线左移,峰值电压对应的频率变小;两片双晶压电振子并联且带匹配负载时,能有效提高负载功率。     

低频楼梯压电发电装置的数学模型和实验

 为收集和利用密集人群对楼梯的踩踏能量,设计了一种基于低频的新型楼梯压电发电装置,基于RLC 等效内阻建立了该装置的发电电路和数学模型;利用搭建的振动实验平台,对等效电路和数学模型进行实验验证。结果表明,在低频条件下,激励位移越大,频率越小,该压电发电装置输出的电能越大;压电发电单元的实验输出电压为电路中等效电阻Z₂的电压,利用数学模型计算得到的理想电压源电压是实验空载电压的2.64~2.88 倍;通过对实验数据的分析计算,得到了与理论计算电压变化规律相一致的实验电压源电压,两者最大误差为7.1%,验证了该压电发电单元等效发电电路和数学模型的正确性。     

高压气体激励式压电俘能器的设计与实验

为满足对气动系统无线传感网络的供电需求,设计了一种密封性能优异、外置型气体激励式压电俘能器,搭建了俘能特性实验测试系统.以换向阀换向过程产生的交变气体为激励,通过改变换向冲击压力和负载电阻,分析峰值电压和峰值功率,探究了俘能器的俘能特性.结果表明:换向冲击压力越大,俘能器产生的峰值电压越高;负载电阻增大,峰值电压升高,且升压时间增长;当负载电阻在70～5 500 kΩ范围内时,会出现较高峰值功率;当换向冲击压力为0.4 MPa时,最大输出峰值功率可达90.03 μW.     

新型双方向压电振动能量收集装置的设计与仿真

为了获取空间内各个方向的振动能量,设计了一种新型双方向压电振动能量收集装置,在非线性压电能量收集装置的基础上,通过悬臂梁z方向振动和磁性滚筒x方向的振动以及绕x方向的摇摆来获取多方向的振动能量。利用ANSYS对该模型建模与仿真得到瞬态分析下的系统输出电压与激励频率的对应关系,发现新型压电振动能量收集装置不仅降低了系统的共振频率,而且系统的有效响应频带拓宽了210%。     

基于PVDF压电片发电的特性研究

研究了高分子聚合物聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)压电片发电的特性.从理论上分析了利用压电片振动发电的机理,推导得出压电片振动产生的电功率与振动频率及外接电阻的关系,即在一定频率下,当外接电阻为某一值时输出功率达到最大,并通过实验进行了验证.结果表明,外接电阻值在一定范围内,压电片的串、并联都可以提高输出电压;在安装受限无法实现自由振动的情况下,压电片在非自由振动条件下预变形,也有利于提高输出电压.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-