微细粒黑钨矿疏水絮凝浮选中聚团形成机制

通过疏水絮凝实验、原子力显微镜分析和数值模拟计算等方法,系统研究了微细粒黑钨矿的疏水聚团形成机制.结果表明：pH为8.0～8.5时,油酸钠诱导黑钨矿表面疏水并产生疏水絮凝行为,微细粒黑钨矿疏水聚团D₅₀与油酸钠的质量浓度和搅拌强度正相关;油酸钠体系中黑钨矿颗粒间具有较强的黏附力,疏水作用力是疏水聚团形成的主要贡献成分;搅拌装置中形成的强湍流流场环境有助于矿物颗粒的相互接触与能量传递,增加颗粒碰撞黏附概率;在流场高剪切力和油酸钠诱导疏水力共同作用下促进了微细粒黑钨矿形成大而稳固的聚团,与常规浮选相比,疏水絮凝浮选WO₃回收率提高了12.04%.     

脱气处理对微细白钨颗粒疏水聚团行为的影响

通过沉降试验、Zeta电位测定和显微镜观察试验,研究油酸钠体系下脱气处理对微细粒白钨矿疏水聚团行为的影响。研究结果表明:加热脱气能显著脱除水中溶解气核,且脱气后气体再次溶解速度缓慢,为后续试验稳定性和可靠性提供了保证;在脱气水中,微细白钨颗粒沉降行为与油酸钠浓度密切相关,当油酸钠浓度较低时,脱气处理后矿浆浊度增大,说明脱气处理促进白钨颗粒分散,当油酸钠浓度较高时,脱气水对应矿浆浊度较小;脱气水中白钨颗粒表面负电性增强,颗粒间静电排斥增强,不利于白钨颗粒间疏水聚团;脱气处理后,白钨颗粒间疏水聚团能力减弱;当油酸钠浓度较高时,未脱气矿浆溶液中固体颗粒由于气核的桥联作用可能形成链状或网状絮团结构,颗粒沉降时浮力增大,从而导致测定矿浆浊度反而较大。     

微粒矿物诱导疏水絮凝中的疏水作用

加入适当的表面活性剂使微粒矿物表面疏水化而使其悬浮体产生聚团的现象,称为诱导疏水絮凝。它与常规的胶体聚沉现象不同,不能为DLVO理论所解释。本文通过对颗粒间疏水粘着力及润湿接触角、zeta电位的测量和体系的疏水絮凝行为的研究,获得如下结论:疏水作用力对诱导疏水絮凝起支配作用;当微粒表面有足够大的润湿接触角而颗粒产生疏水吸引力时,才能使微粒悬浮体强烈聚团。     

煤泥选择性絮凝浮选中聚丙烯酰胺的作用机制

测试了阴离子型低相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺PAM A401作用对煤及高岭石絮体表观粒径分布、样品红外光谱以及表面润湿性的影响,并通过浮选速度实验验证PAM A401的作用效果.研究表明,12 mg·L-1 PAM A401且循环搅拌11 min时,煤絮体累积粒度分布达到10%、50%和90%时对应的粒径分别是高岭石絮体的6.86、2.22和2.45倍,呈较好的絮凝选择性.吸附PAM A401后,煤的亲水性官能团特征峰增强,疏水性降低;高岭石的亲、疏水性官能团均有增加,疏水性略高.与常规浮选相比,选择性絮凝浮选实验的浮选速率较大,捕收剂用量降低30%.浮选3 min时,选择性絮凝浮选实验的可燃体回收率为81.57%,较常规浮选实验高3.64%,精煤灰分相当. PAM A401虽使煤颗粒的表面润湿性降低,但微细粒煤颗粒表观粒径增大的效应促进微细粒煤泥的分选.     

凝聚剂与絮凝剂改善细粒煤泥压滤的研究

针对某选煤厂煤泥水中的细粒含量多、处理困难的特点,从煤泥水中颗粒凝聚和絮凝机理出发,通过理论分析和试验研究,选用2种凝聚剂和絮凝剂对煤泥水进行絮凝沉降试验,使煤泥水中的煤泥颗粒絮凝成较大的絮团而快速沉淀,达到固液分离的目的。根据试验结果确定药剂的种类,凝聚剂和絮凝剂的最佳药剂配比及合理的药剂添加制度,结果表明：凝聚剂(明矾 氯化铝)用量1．5kg／t干煤泥,聚丙烯酰胺用量50g／t干煤泥进行絮凝沉降试验,沉降效果最好。通过现场应用,降低了洗水浓度,实现了清水洗煤,有效改善了压滤效果,提高了选煤效率。从环保及应用方面为细粒煤泥水的处理与利用提供了一条有效的途径和广阔的发展前景。     

高岭土颗粒在聚丙烯酰胺作用下的动态絮凝过程

在不同絮凝剂质量浓度和絮凝环境温度条件下,运用马尔文激光粒度仪和聚集光束反射测量仪研究有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)对高岭土悬浮液颗粒的动态絮凝过程。结合显微摄像仪和浊度仪,同时运用图像处理技术并基于分形理论考察了絮凝过程中絮体分形维数随外部条件改变所发生的变化。实验结果表明:随着絮凝剂质量浓度的增加和环境温度的升高,絮凝体系中的絮体平均弦长和平均粒径都逐渐增加;当平均粒径达到极大值后,继续增加絮凝剂质量浓度或升高环境温度,体系浊度降低,絮体分形维数增大,在絮凝剂质量浓度为6mg/L和环境温度为60℃时絮凝效果较好;而后随着絮凝剂质量浓度的增加和环境温度的上升,体系浊度略微升高,絮体分形维数略微减小。体系浊度和絮体分形维数呈现出良好的相关性。     

微细粒赤铁矿选择性絮凝试验研究

通过采用常规絮凝剂和新合成絮凝剂絮凝对人工混合矿选择性絮凝试验,得出不同选择性絮凝剂对微细粒赤铁矿的絮凝效果优劣顺序为:淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝聚合物磺化聚丙烯酰胺苛化玉米淀粉,综合考虑品位和回收率指标,以淀粉丙烯酰胺接枝聚合物效果最佳。     

红城红球菌对微细粒赤铁矿的吸附-絮凝作用

采用重力沉降方法探讨红城红球菌通过吸附-絮凝作用沉降微细粒赤铁矿的可能性及其效果,并采用Zeta电位、显微镜、红外光谱分析红城红球菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附特征.研究结果表明:红城红球菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附可使赤铁矿发生沉降,沉降效果较好的矿浆pH为5～7、红城红球菌用量为30 mg/L.红城红球菌在赤铁矿表面的吸附降低了赤铁矿表面的电性,使赤铁矿-赤铁矿颗粒间容易形成絮团.形成的赤铁矿絮团粒度越大、结构越紧密,赤铁矿的沉降效果越好.红城红球菌通过本身基团吸附在赤铁矿表面,其中羟基(-OH)、亚甲基(-CH2)、氨基(-NH2)、甲基(-CH3)、醚基(C-O-C)官能团在赤铁矿表面的吸附属于物理吸附,而羧基(-COOH)在赤铁矿表面的吸附属于化学吸附.红城红球菌对微细粒赤铁矿具有吸附-絮凝双重作用,可作为微细粒赤铁矿的絮凝剂使用.     

高岭土悬液絮凝形态研究

以高岭土水溶液为絮凝对象,利用复合型生物絮凝剂CBF对高岭土悬液的絮凝形态进行系统分析。通过对高岭土粒度及表面特性的分析,高岭土水溶液中颗粒之间存在静电排斥力。原子力显微镜观察其絮凝形态发现絮体结构密实,有利于絮体沉降。电动电位测定结果得出,未投加CBF的高岭土水溶液的胶体颗粒则保持稳定状态不易聚沉。     

改性聚丙烯酰胺对赤铁矿强磁选的影响

基于聚团分选理论,采用改性聚丙烯酰胺(HPM)选择性聚团调浆-湿式强磁选工艺,考察了药剂用量、矿浆pH以及搅拌转速等因素对微细粒赤铁矿强磁分选效果的影响.通过扫描电镜检测、EDS能谱分析、动电位测试以及红外光谱检测等方法研究了物料聚团磁选前后的微观形貌以及药剂作用后矿物表面特性的变化,分析了药剂与矿物表面的作用机理.结果表明:在药剂用量10g/t、矿浆pH 10、搅拌转速954r/min的条件下,采用“选择性聚团-强磁选工艺”与常规强磁选工艺指标相比,精矿铁回收率提高了5.39%.添加HPM调浆后原矿中矿物颗粒表观粒径显著增加,在强磁选作业中添加HPM调浆能够强化对微细粒赤铁矿的回收,HPM对赤铁矿具有选择性絮凝聚团作用,且在赤铁矿表面存在静电吸附和氢键吸附,在石英表面不发生吸附作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.