内蒙古地区的C4植物名录

根据国内外已发表的不同地区的C4植物名录以及实测的内蒙古地区280余种植物的稳定性碳同位纱值（δ^13Ｃ）,将内蒙古地区2326种维管植物中的C4植物名录整理出来,共有12科57属的125种植物是C4光合功能型,分别属于蓼科、藜科、苋科、马齿苋科、大戟科、景天科、蒺藜科、旋花科、菊科、眼子菜科、禾本科和莎草料,含有4种以上C4植物的属为9个,分别是藜属、地肤属、猪毛菜属、兔丝子属、眼子菜属、隐子草属、稗属、画眉草属和莎草属,并了125种C4植物的生活型、水分生态型、区系成分以及在内蒙古的地理分布区。     

南明河贵阳城区段水生高等植物群落的初步调查

调查了南明河贵阳城区段8种水生高等植物群落:沉水海菜花群落、亚洲苦草群落、黑藻群落、竹叶眼子菜群落、龙须眼子菜群落、菹草群落、满江红群落、浮萍群落。发现水生高等植物31种,隶属2门、17科、24属。植物区系以世界分布和泛热带分布为主,分别占50%和16.7%,其它分布类型较少。     

广西河池沉水植物多样性及分布初步调查

对广西河池地区沉水植物进行了调查,利用布朗-布朗喀(Braun-Blanquet)的多度等级划分标准、Simpson物种多样性指数和Shan-non-Wiener物种多样性指数进行数据处理.共采集到沉水植物12种,隶属5科、7属.其优势种为苦草、黑藻、菹草、尖叶眼子菜.根据优势种及组成特征,将沉水植物群丛分为19个类型.群丛物种多样性指数最高的是黑藻 苦草群落,其次是苦草 黑藻 狐尾藻 菹草 微赤眼子菜群落和菹草群落,以篦赤眼子菜指数最小.     

水生植物眼子菜的叶绿素—蛋白质复合物研究

水生植物眼子菜类囊体膜经 SDS—PAGE可分离出9条含叶绿素区带。根据电泳迁移率大小及光谱特性分析结果,自凝胶柱由慢到快依次命名为:CPIx、CPIa、CPI、LHCP_1、LHCP_2、LHCP_3、CPa、LHCP_4、FC。与阳生植物青菜相比.眼子菜多分离出一条 CPIx 和一条属干 LHC—Ⅱ带。眼子菜 CPIx 吸收光谱与 CPIa 和 CPI 有显著差异.它在红区的最大吸收峰为672nm.明显偏向短波光方面。另外眼子菜 Chla/Chlb 比值为2.015,明显低于阳生植物青菜。这些现象可能是眼子菜对特殊水生生态环境产生的一种适应。DCIP 光还原活性测定表明眼子菜活性为青菜的1/2左右。     

广东河网地带的水生植被

本地区的水生维管束植物种类相当丰富。现已知有131种,隶属于81属,44科,其中挺水植物70种、沉水植物33种、浮水及浮叶植物28种。这些植物对外界环境各有不同的选择,现将它们分为:(一)流动河涌申的植物群落,包括:(1)密齿苦草+竹叶眼予菜+穗花狐尾藻群丛,(2)竹叶眼子菜+穗花狐尾藻群丛。(二)农田灌溉水渠植物群落,包括有:(1)喜旱莲子草+水蓑衣+田字萍群丛。(2)黑藻+水龙群丛。(3)野芋+菰群丛。(4)箭叶雨久花+喜旱莲子草群丛。(三)静水植物群落(低洼水(土朗)、人工湖、荒废池塘),包括有:(1)野荸荠+木贼状荸荠群丛。(2)金银莲花+竹叶眼子菜+密齿苦草群丛。(3)石龙尾+圆叶节节菜群丛。(四)珠江口海滩植物群落,包括有:(1)桐花树+秋茄树+木榄群丛。(2)老鼠簕+桐花树群丛。(3)短叶茳芏+菰群丛。生活在同一水体的各种植物,往往为争夺生活地盘和其他的生态因子而展开剧烈的竞争,不仅种间有竞争,种群内的不同个体也有生存竞争。     

枣庄市水生维管束植物资源及群落

枣庄市位于山东省南部,西濒微山湖,南有京杭大运河横穿而过;境内河流、水库众多,水域广阔,水生植物资源丰富.据调查统计,全市共有水生维管束植物26科45属67种.其中蕨类植物3科3属3种;被子植物23科42属64种.常见的水生维管植物群落有:芦苇群落、香蒲群落、菰群落、紫萍群落、浮萍群落、莲群落、眼子菜群落、菱群落、荇菜群落、黑藻群落、苦草群落等11种.     

薛河附草螺类群落结构初步研究

薛河是南四湖重要的入湖河流.2010年10月和12月先后两次对薛河的附草螺类和水生植物群落进行采样调查.结果表明,所采集的水生植物隶属6科6属,共8种,优势种为菹草、竹叶眼子菜、莕菜和满江红;附草螺类5种,以个体较小、硬壳的前鳃亚纲种类为主.附草螺类的密度和生物量分别为289 ind/m2和152.67g/m2,其中前鳃亚纲现存量显著高于肺鳃亚纲;梨形环棱螺、长角涵螺和纹沼螺为薛河附草螺类的优势种.相关分析表明,附草螺类的密度和生物量均与水生植物生物量呈显著的正相关关系.     

白洋淀水生植被

白洋淀１９８８年重新蓄水后，水生植物区系组成已完全恢复。现有维管束植物４８种，隶属２１科３３属。芦苇、莲、马来眼子菜、菹草、轮叶黑藻、水鳖和紫萍为优势种。植被类型可划分为挺水植被、浮叶植被、漂浮植被和沉水植被四个亚型，包括１６个主要植物群丛。芦苇群落分布广泛，面积最大，是白洋淀的景观植物群落。     

安徽省水生植物资源的调查与分析

本文研究了安徽省水生高等植物资源的种类、生境、组成特点、经济价值及植被概况,结果表明本省有水生高等植物44科、72属、138种,其中单子叶植物占优势,分别占科、属、种的40.9%、50.0%、54.4%。各科亲缘关系较远,并且许多科仅有一属的少数种为水生的。其地理成分表明,本地水生种子植物以世界分布属为主,热带成分与温带成分几乎各占一半,基本反映安徽省具有热带和温带的双重性质。水生植被以竹叶眼子菜(Potamogetonmalaianus)群落,苦草(Vallisineriaspiralis)群落,紫萍(Spirodelapolyrrhiza)、浮萍(Lemnaminor)群落,满江红(Azollaimbricata)、槐叶苹(Salvinianatans)群落,莲(Nelumbonucifera)群落为主。     

山西石灰岩山地植物名录

理清山西石灰岩山地植物资源是该区石灰岩山地矿区植被恢复的首要前提.通过对山西省全境31个石灰岩样点的野外调查,植物鉴定、核查,共收集植物43科107属140种3变种,包含蕨类植物1科1属1种,裸子植物2科2属3种,被子植物40科104属136种3变种,其中双子叶植物37科89属117种3变种,单子叶植物3科15属19种,该名录可为山西石灰岩地区的植被恢复、保护和利用提供科学依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-