基于SBFEM的坝-库水相互作用分析

将W o lf和Song提出的比例边界有限元法(sca led boundary fin ite e lem en t m ethod,简称SBFEM)应用于坝-库水相互作用分析.在库水不可压缩假定的前提下推导了坝面动水压力与附加质量矩阵的基本方程.二维重力坝和三维拱坝坝面动水压力的算例表明,与有限元法比较,SBFEM计算精度明显提高,同时由于具有降维的特点,计算工作量也在很大程度上有所节约.还分析了库底和水面坡度变化以及水库边界形状适当变化对动水压力分布和数值大小的影响.结果表明,一般情况下水库边界的变化对动水压力的分布形状基本上不发生影响,对动水压力数值大小也影响不大.     

规则河谷中计算水坝动水压力的解析方法

提出两种规则河谷水坝，即平面扇形河谷圆筒拱坝和半椭圆形河谷重力坝动水压力的解析解。算例表明：这一方法具有计算简捷，精度高的优点，可作为检验各类数值方法计算精度的手段。在实际河谷与水坝体型可近似地表为理想形态条件下，本方法也可以给出一定的实用结果。     

一般库底条件下刚性坝面的动水压力

本文从弹性应力波的角度出发,推导了部分库底吸收条件下,各种刚性坝面动水压力的频率特征方程、配点方程及求解刚性铅直坝面动水压力的近似公式;并反演出各种情况下统一的库底边界条件及各种具体表达式。通过数值算例,讨论了一般库底条件下各种刚性坝面动水压力的一些重要特点。     

地震作用下拱坝及坝面压力管道组合结构的动力模型试验

通过动力模型试验．综合考虑库水、坝基等因素影响．对拱坝及下游坝面压力管道组合结构的动力相互作用规律和抗震性能．进行了全面研究．研究结果表明，下游坝面压力管道使拱坝的整体刚度略有增加，而对其动力特性无显著改变；地震作用下，压力管道段坝基基底应力和压力管道与坝面接触部位上部应力较大，压力管道穿越拱坝部位应力状态比较复杂，采用一定的设计措施后，组合结构具有相当抗震安全度．     

挡水坝动水压力的一个有效解法

本文用加权余量法求解具有部分吸收库底边界时刚性坝的动水压力.在分析中,假设库水为无粘性可压缩液体,坝一水系统简化为二维问题,上游坝面的几何形状可以是任意的.数值算例表明,本文建议的方案对于分析复杂边界条件下的水动力学问题是十分精确和有效的.     

基于降强法的拱坝坝肩动力稳定分析研究

拱坝坝肩动力抗滑稳定分析,关系到拱坝建设是否安全可靠及经济合理,具有重大的意义.结合工程实例,以有限元理论为基础,利用拱坝抗震研究的静动组合算法,首先在静力工况下求解出坝体作用于坝肩滑体的作用力,在此基础上,保持与静力工况同样的材料折减系数,施加由反应谱法得到的地震荷载,进行降强稳定计算,得出动力安全系数,为工程建设提供了设计依据.     

拱坝及下游坝面压力管道组合结构抗震研究

用有限元方法对双曲拱坝及下游坝面压力管道组合结构进行分析。研究了组合结构的动力相互作用规律和地震频谱输入下的动力响应。结果表明，下游坝面压力管道对拱坝动力特性影响较小，组合结构具有良好的抗震性能。     

库水可压缩性对重力坝动力特性和地震响应的影响

采用ABAQUS中的声学单元模拟库水,探讨库水可压缩性对重力坝动力特性和地震响应的影响.首先建立了刚性直墙和柔性墙模型,采用声学单元模拟库水可压缩性,将动水压力结果与相关文献进行对比,验证了库水单元模型的正确性.然后以Koyna大坝为例建立了坝体-库水-地基有限元模型,分析了库水可压缩性对于坝体自振频率和关键部位地震响应的影响,并对不同高度大坝和不同卓越频率的地震荷载对坝体关键部位的动水压力进行了探究.结果表明:可压缩库水模型能够降低坝体自振频率,与忽略库水可压缩性时相比降低3.1%.考虑库水可压缩性时,会增大坝顶、上游坝面中点处水平位移响应,增大下游坝面折点、坝踵处主拉应力响应.对于不同高度大坝,可压缩库水模型相较于不可压缩库水模型增大了坝面动水压力,且动水压力峰值随着坝高的增加逐渐增大.在地震卓越频率与可压缩库水模型自振频率相接近时,对动水压力有较大的影响.     

地震液化的有效应力二维动力分析方法

本文根据有效应力原理提出了一个计算饱和土体地震反应的二维动力分析方法.该法不仅考虑到动剪应变与动剪切模量之间的非线性关系,而且还考虑到振动孔隙水压力逐渐增长的效应(砂土软化)而变化的动力性质.这个方法能够求得地震过程中饱和土体的加速度、动应力、动应变以及振动孔隙水压力随着时间的发展、液化的开始、发展过程.以江西德兴铜矿4号尾矿坝为例,采用等参数有限单元法,用本文提出的分析方法和建议的振动孔隙水压力增长模式以及两种地震曲线,详细地分析了该坝在0.4g地震情况下的液化过程,并与目前流行较广的总应力法算得的结果作了比较.     

拱坝极限承载力的分析方法研究

本文讨论拱坝极限状态与极限承载力的分析方法.采用非线性有限单元法,分别根据最大正应力准则和脆性损伤模型,求得了某高拱坝的极限水压力超载系数,两种计算模型求得的该拱坝的破坏方式基本相同,极限超载系数接近,说明了建议的方法可以进一步用于拱坝的设计.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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