基于广义 Gronwall-Bellman 引理的小型涡扇发动机过渡态控制

针对航空发动机强非线性的特点,将非线性控制理论应用于小型涡扇发动机过渡态控制。基于非线性模型,应用广义Gronwall-Bellman引理设计给定转速跟踪器,该过渡态控制器可在一定范围的转速切换指令下,通过对控制器参数的选取来调节跟踪误差范数边界,使得闭环系统以指数收敛到新平衡状态。应用Lyapunov稳定性定理对该控制器的性能进行验证,在理论上证明了该非线性设计方法的有效性;并以DGEN380发动机为仿真研究对象,对上述控制器进行数值仿真。仿真结果表明设计的发动机过渡态转速跟踪器能满足航空发动机控制系统的动态性能指标,实现了基于非线性模型的简单加速控制,仿真结果验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

模糊-变结构控制在汽车发动机转速控制中的应用

变结构控制具有良好的鲁棒性，但是在实际应用中往往会引发抖振．本文采用模糊一滑模变结构的控制方法，解决滑模变结构控制在汽车发动机转速控制中出现的转速抖振现象．首先，在变结构控制变量的基础上引入模糊控制分量；其次对模糊控制分量进行了设计、计算；最后利用MATLAB软件进行了计算机仿真．仿真结果表明发动机转速抖振幅度只有原来的10％，控制变量的切换频率只有原来的15％左右．     

基于TrueTime的涡扇发动机分布式控制系统及数字仿真平台设计

国内外航空发动机分布式控制系统研究往往脱离实际发动机,分布式控制系统的控制性能好坏很难定量地表现出来。本文以一实际的涡扇发动机为被控对象,分析了被控对象的特点及控制需求,设计了分布式控制方案,在MATLAB/TrueTime环境搭建了分布式控制系统数字仿真平台,仿真平台采用CAN总线通讯方案,通过时间与事件触发解决通讯同步问题,最终完成了发动机各个状态下的主燃油、加力燃油、尾喷口喉部面积控制,仿真结果表明所搭建的数字仿真平台控制性能良好,能满足航空发动机控制要求。     

轿车空气悬架主动抗侧倾控制方法仿真对比研究

为改善空气悬架轿车的抗侧倾性能,开发了一种液气混合式主动抗侧倾装置.选用结构简单、成本低的开关电磁阀作为执行元件,对4种离散控制方法进行对比分析,寻找控制系统结构尽量简单,可以快速、准确和高效地完成对抗侧倾装置运动位移控制的方法.仿真计算结果表明,采用3点开关控制方法,系统组成简单,但控制精度较低,电磁阀切换频繁;采用PWM和PID联合控制方法,控制精度高,电磁阀切换次数减少;采用滑模控制方法,控制精度一般,但电磁阀切换次数最少.     

基于遗传算法的PID控制器设计及仿真

分析了浮力调节装置实验系统的功能和结构,建立了数学模型.为了使控制器参数能够适应系统模型的改变,设计了基于遗传算法的自整定PID控制器,针对其液压系统中的多余压力提出了基于结构不变性原理的控制策略.对实验系统的控制模型进行仿真分析,结果表明：所设计的控制系统能够克服多余压力和模型参数时变2大控制难点,在不同的工况下能够始终保持良好的控制性能.     

基于逆系统方法的航空发动机逆模型控制系统设计

航空发动机是一个典型的强非线性系统。传统的PID控制通常是对发动机的设计点进行线性化,但这种方法仅能保证发动机在设计点有较好的控制性能,在其他状态的控制性能则较差。针对这个缺点,利用逆系统方法,建立发动机的逆模型,并基于此逆模型设计发动机的逆模型控制系统。仿真结果表明,逆模型控制系统具有较快的响应速度,同时精度符合控制要求。     

某型航空发动机FADEC系统设计与仿真

随着飞机对发动机的性能要求越来越高,功能要求越来越多、越来越复杂,使得发动机的控制规律越来越精细,控制作用参数不断增加,导致航空发动机的相关控制系统越来越复杂.传统的机械液压式控制器无法满足当前的多参数、高精度控制的技术要求.为了获得一种具有高速运算、高精度、高可靠性并且能够实现现代控制理论中各种复杂而先进的控制算法的控制器,根据某型核心机的研究任务以及技术要求和设计思想,提出了该型核心机(航空发动机的)FADEC系统的总体设计方案,并在MATLAB下的Simulink建立了相关装置的数学模型并进行了数字仿真.仿真结果表明,所设计的FADEC系统能够提高该型发动机核心机的主要控制变量的控制精度,实现容错控制、状态监视和发动机超温、超转、喘振等各种功能保护,能够满足该核心机的控制要求,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

某型发动机叶片内腔流量检测装置开发

发动机叶片的性能决定了航空发动机质量的重要因数之一.为了适应发动机高温、高压、高转速的工作环境,很多发动机叶片采用空心结构设计.空心结构设计的叶片在发动机大修过程中需对内腔进行流量检测,通过检测来确定叶片是否能够继续工作.发动机叶片内腔流量检测装置是为某型号航空发动机大修过程中三种不同规格叶片的检测而设计开发的装置.检测装置的设计主要基于液压控制技术,采用双电机控制,检测范围大、精度高.检测装置能够与使用单位的MES系统相连接,相关工作人员可以根据测量结果直接进行发动机装配的串台与配台.以上优点使该设计达到了缩短了生产周期,节省人力,减轻工人的劳动强度,提高劳动生产率的目的,是一种可以使用户获得良好的经济效益的设计产品.     

并联混合动力汽车模式切换快速终端滑模控制

为了防止并联混合动力汽车模式切换过程中发生扭矩波动,提出了一种基于干扰补偿的切换快速终端滑模控制方法。首先,在对整车动力结构和驱动模式分析的基础上,根据由纯电动模式向混合驱动模式切换过程中3个阶段内干扰量的不同,分别设计了干扰观测器估计各阶段干扰,将得到的估计值作为系统控制输入。其次,利用快速终端滑模控制和电机补偿发动机扭矩误差的方法,对各阶段干扰估计量进行补偿,通过构造Lyapunov函数证明控制系统的稳定性。最后,对所设计方法分别进行仿真和试验。研究结果表明:该方法在保证整车动力性的同时,确保了模式切换的平顺性,试验的整车最大冲击度降低了52.37%,提高了驾驶性能。     

航空发动机控制部件及系统工作特性建模与仿真研究

论文设计了一种航空发动机各控制系统的仿真教学平台,用于学习航空发动机的工作原理几个部件之间的联系,并验证液压机械式控制软件和控制器设计的正确性,通过发动机控制参数的变化研究在不同条件发动机的工作性能和工作特性。研发航空发动机控制系统工作特性的仿真平台,可以通过改变控制部件的工作参数来改变控制部件的工作特性,并针对所搭建的控制系统进行仿真分析,开发了一个通用的航空发动机及控制系统仿真平台。该平台界面友好,使用灵活,便于修改。最后在航空发动机控制部件及系统仿真教学平台上进行了发动机稳态和动态仿真,验证了该平台的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.