大鼠肠系膜与肾被膜下移植胰岛治疗糖尿病的疗效对比

目的:探讨经大鼠肠系膜与肾被膜下移植胰岛在糖尿病治疗中的疗效对比与新路径.方法:采用链脲佐菌素诱导SD大鼠制作糖尿病模型,随机分为肠系膜部胰岛移植组(肠系膜组)和肾被膜下胰岛移植组(肾被膜组),各18只. V型胶原酶消化供体大鼠胰腺,Ficoll密度梯度法分离、纯化胰岛,双硫腙和台盼蓝染色检测胰岛纯度和活性.移植术后于不同时间点监测两组大鼠血糖波动、血清C肽水平及腹腔糖耐量功能,记录胰岛存活时间并切取移植部位行HE染色观察组织形态学改变.结果:每只供体大鼠获取(347. 08±33. 22)胰岛当量,胰岛纯度为(88. 03±4. 94)%,存活率为(90. 55±3. 98)%.两组大鼠血糖于移植后3 d降至正常水平,与移植前相比明显下降(P 0. 05);高糖刺激实验表明,移植后10、31 d两组大鼠刺激后的血清C肽水平均较刺激前上升(P 0. 05);腹腔糖耐量结果提示,两移植组大鼠糖耐受功能均良好(P 0. 05);肠系膜组与肾被膜组移植胰岛的中位存活时间分别为61 d与46 d; HE染色显示移植部位可见伴生血管的成团胰岛细胞.结论:经肠系膜移植胰岛能安全有效地发挥降糖作用,恢复糖尿病大鼠正常血糖水平,疗效优于肾被膜下移植.     

脑内移植NGF诱导的PC-12细胞治疗大鼠帕金森病的研究

实验利用SD大鼠复制6-羟多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)完全损伤型帕金森动物模型,将神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)处理后的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(plleoclxromocytoma cells,PC-12)移植人模型大鼠纹状体内,观察模型动物行为改善和移植PC-12细胞的存活情况.经行为学检测,6-OHDA动物模型复制成功率达55.1%.免疫组织化学、蛋白印迹检测结果显示模型动物黑质多巴胺能神经元数目减少,黑质酪氨酸羟化酶含量降低证明模型动物稳定、可靠.PC-12细胞经NGF(50 μg/L)连续诱导7 d,细胞逐渐平展、细胞膜变皱褶等神经元形态学特征出现后,于纹状体内行细胞移植术,经阿普吗啡(apomorphine,APO)诱导旋转行为有明显改善,蛋白印迹检测也发现移植侧具有显著的酪氨酸羟化酶免疫阳性信号.因此,NGF诱导后的PC-12细胞可以作为治疗帕金森的一种细胞供体.     

大鼠口服免疫耐受与皮肤移植的研究

目的利用口服供者脾细胞延长受者大鼠皮肤存活时间,检测调节性T细胞在移植前后的变化,探讨口服免疫耐受的机制。方法以纯系SD大鼠为供者,纯系Wistar大鼠为受者,行异体皮肤移植,将24只受者大鼠随机分为A组（对照组,口服PBS）、B组（每日口服SD大鼠脾细胞1×10^7个）,C组（每日口服SD大鼠脾细胞5×10^7个）,对受体进行450Rad^60Co照射,然后检测受者外周血及脾脏CD4＋CD25＋、CD8＋CD28-调节性T细胞（Treg）,并对受者进行供者脾细胞导管灌胃,每次口服5×10^7个细胞,每日一次,7d后检查迟发型超敏反应（DTH）,并行皮肤移植,观察移植皮肤的存活时间,复查Treg两次。结果口服脾细胞后,DTH反应均出现明显的抗原特异性降低;C组的皮肤移植存活时间达到19．17d±1．94d,与前两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。在口服供体脾细胞延长皮肤移植存活大鼠（C组）的外周血及脾脏中CD8＋CD28-Treg均比口服前明显增高（P〈0．01）,并能维持2周以上。结论口服抗原可以引起受者对异基因抗原的特异性免疫反应降低,使受者的皮肤移植存活期延长,CD8＋CD28-Treg在口服免疫耐受的机制中发挥了重要作用。     

大鼠原代肝细胞的标记和移植方法

探讨CM-DiI标记大鼠原代肝细胞的最佳浓度、细胞的移植量和移植途径.采用原位胶原酶灌注和密度梯度离心法分离、纯化大鼠肝细胞,用不同浓度CM-DiI进行标记,筛选出CM-DiI的最佳标记浓度,分别从门静脉、尾静脉移植到2/3肝切除0h大鼠,对细胞移植36h后的肝组织石蜡切片和冰冻切片分别进行免疫组织化学分析和荧光观察.结果显示,4μmol·mL-1浓度的CM-DiI和肝细胞孵育5min,细胞标记率高达95%.每克大鼠残肝移植0.8mL的细胞悬液(107个·mL-1)和0.2,0.4,0.6mL移植后检测到的标记细胞数目相比有显著性差异(P0.01),经肝门静脉移植后可以检测到的标记细胞数比尾静脉多(P0.01).CM-DiI标记大鼠原代肝细胞的最佳浓度为4μmol·mL-1,标记细胞的最佳移植量为每克大鼠残肝移植0.8mL的细胞悬液(107个·mL-1)、最佳移植途径为经肝门静脉移植.     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗四氯化碳大鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的通过移植大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSC)治疗肝纤维化大鼠,并评价其疗效。方法通过全骨髓贴壁法分离培养纯化大鼠BMSC,用流式细胞仪对第3代BMSC进行表面抗原鉴定。选取清洁雄性SD大鼠20只,利用四氯化碳(Carbon tetrachloride,CCl_4)皮下注射构建大鼠肝纤维化模型,将肝纤维化大鼠随机分为BMSC组、PBS组,每组10只;分别通过尾静脉注射,予1 mL细胞浓度为1×10~6个/mL的BMSC细胞悬液、1mL PBS溶液,另取6只健康雄性SD大鼠作为空白对照组;移植后第5周处死各组大鼠,采集血液检测大鼠肝功;取肝脏组织切片进行HE、Masson染色,观测大鼠肝细胞组织损伤及纤维化程度,利用Image J软件计算肝脏胶原容积分数(Collagen Volume Fraction,CVF);通过qRT-PCR检测各组大鼠肝脏Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达。结果(1)通过流式细胞术鉴定BMSC表面抗原,CD29、CD90高表达,CD45低表达。(2)与PBS组比较,BMSC组大鼠肝脏肝小叶网状结构较完整,CVF降低且Ⅰ、Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达减少(P0. 05)。(3)与PBS组相比,BMSC组大鼠肝功能改善,且差异具有统计学学意义(P0. 05)。结论同种异体移植BMSC可以有效减少肝脏胶原沉积,改善肝纤维化大鼠肝脏功能。     

嗅神经鞘细胞移植恢复大鼠损伤脊髓的功能

为探讨嗅神经鞘细胞移植恢复大鼠损伤脊髓的功能 ,将成年大鼠分为脊髓半切洞损伤组 (A组 )和脊髓半切洞损伤 嗅神经鞘细胞移植组 (B)组 ,手术后应用联合行为评分 (CBS)感觉诱发电位 (SEP)和运动诱发电位 (MEP)检查 ,测定脊髓功能恢复情况 .结果 2组CBS得分 ,A组 >B组 ,SEP和MEP潜峰时均A组 >B组 ,统计学分析均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) .表明移植嗅神经鞘细胞能恢复损伤脊髓的功能     

人卵巢癌裸鼠卵巢原位移植瘤模型的构建

为探讨人卵巢癌进展机制的相关研究,构建适宜的体内动物模型。采用慢病毒转染技术,构建稳定过表达绿色荧光报告基因(GFP)的人EOC细胞模型:SKOV3(人卵巢浆液性腺癌细胞株)和ES-2(人卵巢透明细胞癌细胞株);异氟烷吸入麻醉4-6周龄BALB/C(nu/nu)雌性裸鼠,从裸鼠背部正中纵切口进入腹腔,显微多点注射法分别将细胞模型悬液,移植于裸鼠的单侧卵巢,每组6只裸鼠;Night OWL活体成像系统动态观察裸鼠移植瘤生长和转移情况;移植术后4-6周解剖裸鼠,取卵巢和转移瘤组织行HE染色。结果显示,携带GFP的EOC细胞模型SKOV3和ES-2,均可成功构建裸鼠卵巢原位移植瘤模型,裸鼠未发生手术原因死亡,成功率均100%;活体成像系统通过检测GFP的荧光强度和范围,能够动态监测裸鼠移植瘤生长情况;SKOV3细胞模型构建的卵巢癌和转移瘤组织,HE染色观察病理特征符合人卵巢浆液性腺癌;ES-2细胞模型构建的卵巢癌和转移瘤组织,HE染色观察病理特征符合人卵巢透明细胞癌。由此可知,异氟烷吸入麻醉、从背部正中纵切口进入腹腔、显微多点注射法移植携带GFP的EOC细胞模型,能成功构建可动态监测的裸鼠卵巢原位移植瘤动物模型;该动物模型与人卵巢癌生物学特征类似,适宜作为研究人卵巢癌演变进展的体内模型。     

大鼠心脏异位移植模型的建立

目的:为研究移植免疫建立大鼠心脏异位移植模型。方法:采用Ono's方法建立大鼠心脏异位移植模型,用大鼠的升主动脉和肺主动脉分别与大鼠的腹主动脉和下腔静脉作端侧吻合,同时使用两台单道心电图机描记受体双心和移植心脏的心电图。结果:从2001年11月到2003月1月共进行了248例大鼠心脏异位移植,其中179例手术供受体均用SD大鼠;69例手术供体为SD大鼠,受体为Wistar大鼠。开始的56例同种移植手术时间超过3h,受体均死亡;随后的82例同种移植手术时间在80～150min,受体存活13例,但移植心脏复跳的只有3例;最后手术时间缩短至45～65min时,手术成功率达到85%。同种移植心脏存活时间为(57±33)d,异种移植心脏存活天数(未使用免疫抑制剂治疗)为(7±1 53)d。结论:缩短手术时间是提高心脏移植成功率的关键。     

神经营养因子NT-3神经干细胞移植对帕金森病大鼠功能修复研究

为了研究神经干细胞和神经营养因子NT-3对帕金森病(PD)的修复作用,将NT-3表达载体pEGFP-C1-NT3转染大鼠原代神经干细胞(NSCs),构建了NSCs-NT3细胞.移植入帕金森病模型大鼠脑部MFB和VTA区域,观察到移植细胞在大鼠移植部位生长与迁移,证实移植成功.对移植后疾病模型进行APO旋转实验和水迷宫行为检测,结果表明,NT-3有利于学习与记忆能力改善,分子水平证实移植区域NT-3显著表达.本研究通过移植过表达NT-3的神经干细胞,从分子、细胞、组织和个体行为等不同层面证实了NSCs-NT3对PD模型大鼠修复的积极作用,为PD的转基因神经干细胞移植治疗研究提供了理论与实践依据.     

人脐带间充质干细胞在肝部分切除模型大鼠体内向肝样细胞的分化

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植到肝部分切除模型大鼠体内能否存活并分化为肝样细胞.方法:用胶原酶消化法从人的脐带分离出MSCs,培养并检测人脐带来源的MSCs的细胞表面标志.取第5代人脐带MSCs用PKH26标记,制作大鼠肝部分切除模型,将标记的细胞经门静脉植入大鼠体内,观察移植后第1、2、3周细胞能否存活,以及移植细胞能否向肝样细胞分化,表达肝细胞的标记物白蛋白.结果:人脐带MSCs能在体外大量扩增,移植到肝部分切除模型大鼠肝脏后细胞能存活,并表达肝细胞标记物白蛋白,PKH26标记后细胞在荧光显微镜下发红色荧光,荧光显微镜下可见肝脏冰冻切片中散在分布的标记细胞,免疫荧光染色大多数标记细胞白蛋白染色阳性,并发绿色荧光.结论:人脐带间充质干细胞移植至大鼠体内能够存活并分化为肝样细胞,人脐带间充质干细胞可能作为肝细胞移植的重要来源.     

两种大鼠心脏移植模型的制作比较

目的两种不同方法建立大鼠心脏移植模型,比较两者优缺点,为器官移植研究提供合适的动物模型。方法SD大鼠144只,分别用缝合法和套管法进行同种腹部异位心脏移植,总结经验并加以比较。结果缝合法42例,成功33例,成功率78.57%;套管法30例,成功27例,成功率90%。两种方法移植成功大鼠,移植心均成活30 d以上。结论两种方法各有优点,都可用于器官移植研究,应根据具体实验要求选择合适的动物模型。     

Dystrophin expression in the mdx mouse restored by stem cell transplantation.

The development of cell or gene therapies for diseases involving cells that are widely distributed throughout the body has been severely hampered by the inability to achieve the disseminated delivery of cells or genes to the affected tissues or organ. Here we report the results of bone marrow transplantation studies in the mdx mouse, an animal model of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, which indicate that the intravenous injection of either normal haematopoietic stem cells or a novel population of muscle-derived stem cells into irradiated animals results in the reconstitution of the haematopoietic compartment of the transplanted recipients, the incorporation of donor-derived nuclei into muscle, and the partial restoration of dystrophin expression in the affected muscle. These results suggest that the transplantation of different stem cell populations, using the procedures of bone marrow transplantation, might provide an unanticipated avenue for treating muscular dystrophy as well as other diseases where the systemic delivery of therapeutic cells to sites throughout the body is critical. Our studies also suggest that the inherent developmental potential of stem cells isolated from diverse tissues or organs may be more similar than previously anticipated.     

SD大鼠背景数据采集试验中自发性肿瘤的发生情况及分析

目的 SD大鼠是较为重要的实验大鼠品种之一,通过对其自发性肿瘤的类型和发生率的观察及统计,为临床前药物安全性评价工作提供了SD大鼠自发性肿瘤参照数据,对于开展临床前药物安全性评价工作,特别是长期毒性试验、致癌性试验及生殖试验尤为重要。方法本中心背景数据采集实验,将260只SPF级SD大鼠按体质量随机分为8组(A、B、C、D、E、F、G组和H组),并对应不同时期进行计划剖检(2、4、8、13、26、52、78周和104周),终止动物饲养时间为104周。结果在试验过程中,A、B、C、D、E组动物未见肿瘤发生,F、G、H组动物紧急剖检及计划剖检动物时发现肿瘤。动物剖检首次发现肿瘤时间为实验第24周,紧急剖检动物(动物约为30周龄)。共94只大鼠出现肿瘤,其中雌性59只、雄性35只。共检出肿瘤185例,良性肿瘤约占81. 1%,恶性肿瘤约占18. 9%,以良性肿瘤居多。最常见良性肿瘤为垂体前叶细胞腺瘤、乳腺纤维腺瘤。恶性肿瘤以乳腺癌、垂体前叶细胞腺癌、白血病、副泪腺癌发生居多,同时发现垂体前叶细胞腺癌、组织细胞肉瘤、白血病、支气管腺癌、乳腺癌等恶性肿瘤出现了对周围及全身组织脏器的转移。除明显自发性肿瘤发生外,还可见动物不同组织脏器的不典型增生和肝细胞变异灶。结论根据本中心SD大鼠背景数据采集试验结果,提示SD大鼠在30周龄后自发性肿瘤发生机率提高。肿瘤易发部位为垂体、乳腺、皮肤及皮下组织。常见自发性肿瘤为垂体前叶细胞腺瘤、乳腺纤维腺瘤等。雌性动物较雄性动物肿瘤发生率高。同时与国内外各研究机构的结果比较有一定的差异,可能大鼠自发性肿瘤类型及发生率与大鼠自身差异及饲养环境等有密切的联系。     

Effect of Quercetin on Breeding and Apoptosis of Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell and on Growth of Transplanted Tumor in Nude Mice

Effect of quercetin on HeLa cell system of cervical cancer was studied by methods of MTT and Annexin V-FITC/PI. The results show that quercetin has functions of inhibiting breeding of HeLa cells and inducing apoptosis of the cells. The total apoptosis rate is positively proportional to reaction duration and concentration of quercetin used. The maximum apoptosis rate being （88.76±2.35）% was obtained when the concentration was 50.0 μmol/L and the cells were treated with quercetin for 72 hours. Based on establishing a model of tumor of cervical cancer transplanted into nude mice, quercetin of different concentrations was injected into abdominal cavity of nude mice and situation of tumor growth was reviewed. The result showed that with quercetin concent＇ration increasing from 0 to 100.0 μmol/L, the transplantation volume and weight of the tumors decreased from （279.59±70.58） mm^3 and （0.145±0.019） g to （128.72±36.12） mm^3 and （0.089± 0.019） g respectively, while apoptosis rate of the transplanted tumor increased from （9.63±1.85）% to （34,98±0.47）%, which proved that quercetin inhibited increment of volume and weight of transplanted tumor in nude mice bodies.     

输注体外诱导的同种反应性淋巴细胞诱导大鼠肝脏移植免疫耐受的研究

目的 观察输注体外诱导的同种反应性淋巴细胞,是否可以延长大鼠移植肝脏的存活时间,从而探索一条诱导肝移植免疫耐受的新途径.方法 以供者Lewis大鼠淋巴细胞作为刺激物,体外刺激受者BN大鼠淋巴细胞增殖,应用CFSE（羧基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺酯）标记法检测增殖情况;将增殖后的BN大鼠淋巴细胞经照射灭活后输注给同品系的BN大鼠,并行Lewis到BN的肝移植,观察肝移植后BN大鼠生存期.结果 同种反应性淋巴细胞体外能够活跃增殖;采用同种反应性淋巴细胞输注可以显著延长肝移植大鼠的存活时间（P＜0.05）.结论 体外诱导的同种反应性淋巴细胞输注,有可能成为诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受的一种新途径.     

A new immunomodulating compound (AS-101) with potential therapeutic application

There has been interest in the potential of synthetic compounds to modify immune responses by imitation of cytokine action. Direct administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in conjunction with adoptive transfer of lymphokine activated killer cells has been used in the treatment of cancer, but there are toxic effects resulting from the high doses of IL-2 required. We have developed a new synthetic compound, ammonium tri-chloro(dioxoethylene-O,O'-)tellurate (AS-101), which has immunomodulating properties and minimal toxicity. The effects of AS-101 on the activation and function of immunocompetent cells have been assessed. We have found that AS-101 induces proliferation and IL-2 production by human lymphocytes in vitro, and enhances the production of IL-2 and colony-stimulating factor by mouse spleen cells. Splenocytes of BALB/c mice injected with AS-101 increased production of IL-2 and CSF in vitro in the presence of mitogen. Mononuclear cells of normal donors acquired responsiveness to recombinant IL-2 and bound monoclonal antibody to IL-2 receptor after incubation with AS-101. Splenocytes of mice treated in vivo with AS-101 expressed high levels of IL-2 receptor. The stimulation of lymphocytes by AS-101 apparently involves an increase in intracellular free calcium. AS-101 administered systemically to mice mediated antitumour effects which could be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties. In addition, AS-101 could directly enhance the ratio of OKT4 to OKT8-positive cells in cultured mononuclear cells from AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) patients. These results indicate that AS-101 is potentially useful in the treatment of clinical conditions involving immunosuppression.     

大鼠急性心肌梗塞后在不同部位移植胚胎干细胞疗效研究

目的探讨大鼠急性心肌梗塞（AMI）后在不同部位移植胚胎干细胞（ESC）的心肌组织形态学及血液动力学变化。方法Wistar大鼠40只随机分为正常对照组、梗塞未治疗组（梗塞组）、梗塞中心移植组（中心组）、梗塞周边移植组（周边组）共4组。结扎冠状动脉左前降支制成急性心肌梗塞模型,梗塞后1周移植体外分化并经标记的ESCs,移植后4周分别检测组织形态及血流动力学指标的改变。结果周边组移植细胞稳定存活,而中心组移植细胞未能存活。心功能及组织学检测表明中心组与梗塞组无显著差异（P〉0．05）;与梗塞组比较,周边组梗塞面积显著小于梗塞组（P〈0．01）,（21．0±1．3）％VS（40．7±2．2）％;左室重量小于梗塞组（P〈0．01）,（702．0±24．0）nagVS（882．2±32．6）mg;反应左室收缩功能的指标左室内压最大上升速率和左室内压均大于梗塞组（P〈0．01）,分别为（7．9±0．7）X103mmHg／sVS（5．9±0．5）×103mmHg／s和（117．5±10．7）mmHgVS（89．24-8．1）mmHg;而左室舒张末期压力均明显小于梗塞组（P〈0．01）,（8．5±0．3）mmHgV8（13．6±1．2）mmI-Ig。结论梗塞周边区移植ESCs可以阻止心室重构、减少瘢痕面积、改善心功能。     

Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell

The existence of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) has been postulated from evidence that the mammary gland can be regenerated by transplantation of epithelial fragments in mice. Interest in MaSCs has been further stimulated by their potential role in breast tumorigenesis. However, the identity and purification of MaSCs has proved elusive owing to the lack of defined markers. We isolated discrete populations of mouse mammary cells on the basis of cell-surface markers and identified a subpopulation (Lin-CD29hiCD24+) that is highly enriched for MaSCs by transplantation. Here we show that a single cell, marked with a LacZ transgene, can reconstitute a complete mammary gland in vivo. The transplanted cell contributed to both the luminal and myoepithelial lineages and generated functional lobuloalveolar units during pregnancy. The self-renewing capacity of these cells was demonstrated by serial transplantation of clonal outgrowths. In support of a potential role for MaSCs in breast cancer, the stem-cell-enriched subpopulation was expanded in premalignant mammary tissue from MMTV-wnt-1 mice and contained a higher number of MaSCs. Our data establish that single cells within the Lin-CD29hiCD24+ population are multipotent and self-renewing, properties that define them as MaSCs.     

Self-renewal and expansion of single transplanted muscle stem cells

Adult muscle satellite cells have a principal role in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Satellite cells reside as quiescent cells underneath the basal lamina that surrounds muscle fibres and respond to damage by giving rise to transient amplifying cells (progenitors) and myoblasts that fuse with myofibres. Recent experiments showed that, in contrast to cultured myoblasts, satellite cells freshly isolated or satellite cells derived from the transplantation of one intact myofibre contribute robustly to muscle repair. However, because satellite cells are known to be heterogeneous, clonal analysis is required to demonstrate stem cell function. Here we show that when a single luciferase-expressing muscle stem cell is transplanted into the muscle of mice it is capable of extensive proliferation, contributes to muscle fibres, and Pax7(+)luciferase(+) mononucleated cells can be readily re-isolated, providing evidence of muscle stem cell self-renewal. In addition, we show using in vivo bioluminescence imaging that the dynamics of muscle stem cell behaviour during muscle repair can be followed in a manner not possible using traditional retrospective histological analyses. By imaging luciferase activity, real-time quantitative and kinetic analyses show that donor-derived muscle stem cells proliferate and engraft rapidly after injection until homeostasis is reached. On injury, donor-derived mononucleated cells generate massive waves of cell proliferation. Together, these results show that the progeny of a single luciferase-expressing muscle stem cell can both self-renew and differentiate after transplantation in mice, providing new evidence at the clonal level that self-renewal is an autonomous property of a single adult muscle stem cell.