全息光栅实验系统的制作

基于全息光栅在信息光学及光谱仪中的重要地位,对全息光栅进行了理论分析,提出了一种新的制作全息光栅的实验系统.该实验系统的优势在于:将激光器发出的高斯光束改造成为均匀平面光波,以此平面光波作为光源可以制作出高质量的全息光栅.     

多重像一步彩虹全息术

本文提出一种三维漫射体的多重像一步彩虹全息方法。该法是在一步彩虹全息图的记录光路中加一光栅，使物光通过光栅衍射后经透镜成像在干板处，而得到多重像彩虹全息图。     

用错位云纹法测量位移导数场

采用衍射光栅在谱平面上滤波的光学系统，提出两次曝光之间在像平面上错动全息干版的错位云纹干涉法。用此方法分别获得面内位移导数（应变）场和平板弯曲离面位移的二阶导数（曲率）场的计算公式，并进行了实验验证，实验结果与理论值符合良好。     

聚合物分散液晶全息光栅红外波段电光调制的特性

研究了聚合物分散液晶全息光栅在1 550 nm红外通信波段的电光调制特性，定性分析了不同驱动电压和不同频率的调制电场在红外波段上对聚合物弥散液晶全息光栅衍射效率和透射效率的影响.通过电介质理论，解释了交变调制电场的频率会改变聚合物弥散液晶全息光栅的介电常数，从而对电光调制的效果产生影响；验证了聚合物弥散液晶全息光栅作为红外光通信掺铒光纤放大器增益均衡器的可行性.     

一种新的莫尔条纹法

单色平行光照明全息双频位相光栅,1级衍射的直条纹投射到物体上,在另一相同光栅的1级衍射像中出现莫尔条纹.     

光栅多重像三维全息图

应用光栅,采用新的我路调节方法拍摄多重像三维全息图片,全息图片上同时再现出一个物体的多重像。文中对此现象作了理论分析,得出的结论与实验结果相一致。     

用计算全息制作啁啾光纤光栅的研究

提出了一种制作啁啾光纤光栅的新方法———计算全息法,对该方法进行了理论分析,描述了制作过程和实验装置,给出了一个用计算全息制作的啁啾参数为F=32π,长度为21.6μm的样品,得到了该样品在光学系统中的再现像。     

用圆锥形透镜的光场获取同心环形全息光栅

本文提出一种制作等间距同心环形全息光栅的方法。理论分析表明,单色平行光通过圆锥形透镜后,在一定区域内波场的等强度点分布是一组间距相等的同心圆环。将全息底片置于此波场中曝光,即得到等间距环形全息光栅。实验结果表明,这种方法切实可行,效果令人满意。     

舞台彩虹镜与舞台彩虹灯

本文介绍了高衍射效率卤化银全息平面光栅和园光栅的制作工艺。舞台彩虹镜配合以机械设计制成的舞台彩虹灯光路以及舞台彩虹镜和灯的用处。     

飞秒脉冲通过体全息光栅弱耦合衍射特性分析

由Kogelnik单色衍射效率公式推导出了飞秒激光脉冲光在弱耦合情况下的衍射效率频谱,分析了飞秒激光脉冲通过体全息光栅弱耦合衍射特性。衍射光的频谱分布与读出飞秒脉冲的宽度Δτ、体全息光栅的周期Λ,厚度d以及晶体折射率调制度Δn0有密切关系。通过控制光栅的写入和读出过程,选择适当的参量数值,可以得到不同衍射强度和不同频率成分的衍射光。对于研究飞秒脉冲光通过光折变光栅传播特性以及飞秒超短脉冲用于光学信息处理有应用意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-