黄河中游湿地生物多样性及保护对策

黄河中游湿地是指从山西省禹门口到河南省和山东省交界处的东坝头黄河流域的所有湿地,晋豫陕等省已建湿地类型的自然保护区7处.湿地类型包含河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地、河漫滩湿地、沼泽湿地、草甸湿地等,总面积为48.03×104hm2.黄河中游湿地生物多样性丰富,高等植物有110科405属936种,其中苔藓植物有13科17属27种;蕨类植物有11科12属20种;种子植物有85科376属889种(其中裸子植物2科2属2种,被子植物83科374属887种);植被类型有52个群系.鸟类17目44科239种,其中国家1级保护鸟类9种;湿地哺乳动物仅有2目2科3种;两栖类动物有2目5科14种;鱼类7目12科82种;其它动物589种.此外,还分析了黄河中游湿地生物多样性保护面临的威胁及其原因,提出了保护对策.     

山西泽州自然保护区生物多样性及保护研究

山西泽州猕猴自然保护区位于山西省太行山南端的晋城市泽州县境内,地理坐标：35°28′18″～35°28′39″N,112°59′8″～112°58′59″E,总面积937.75hm2,是以猕猴、金钱豹和原麝及以森林生态系统为主的省级自然保护区。保护区内共有维管束植物122科454属867种（含变种）。其中蕨类植物16科19属29种;种子植物106科435属838种,包括裸子植物3科4属6种,被子植物103科431属832种。主要植被类型有22个群系。野生动物有有27目73科232种,其中两栖爬行类有4目9科22,鸟类16目48科174种,哺乳类7目16科36种。其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护3种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物14种,山西省重点保护的野生动物7种。此外,依据泽州猕猴自然保护区的现状和问题,提出了生物多样性保护与管理的科学对策。     

北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区秋冬季鸟类调查及保护研究

2007年10月至2008年3月对北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,共记录到鸟类69种,隶属13目24科45属.其中旅鸟最多,计50种,占总种数的72.5%.依次是留鸟(14种),冬候鸟(12种)和夏候鸟(10种).记录到的鸟类中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类1种;国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类9种;北京市一级保护鸟类4种;北京市二级保护鸟类24种,优势种鸟类9种,常见种8种,稀有种52种,与湿地关系密切的游禽和涉禽占优势地位.从生境类型上看,水域和林地分别具有最高的属的多样性和科的多样性.从空间分布上看,水域及其近水生境以及康西草原是保护区鸟类的主要分布区域.此外,作者在保护水环境、消除人为干扰以及提高保护区管理效率等方面提出了建议.     

勿角自然保护区鸟类区系及多样性

2010年11月和2011年5月对九寨沟县勿角自然保护区的鸟类区系和多样性作了调查.结合相关资料,共记录有鸟类14目47科226种,约占四川省鸟类种数的33.09%.雀形目鸟类30科143种,占四川省鸟类种数的63.27%.区系特征以本地繁殖鸟和东洋界为主,留鸟148种,夏候鸟41种,冬候鸟28种,旅鸟9种;东洋界和古北界相互渗透,南北过渡,东洋界种116种,古北界种78种,广布种类29种.其中,属国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类的有4种,属于国家Ⅱ重点保护鸟类的有27种.勿角自然保护区物种科属水平上多样性较高,反映科属多样性的DG-F指数0.8423;与其他保护区相比较,物种丰富度与多样性仅次于四川唐家河自然保护区和甘肃白水江自然保护区.     

湖北宣恩县夏季鸟类群落特征

2014年6—9月采用样线(点)法对宣恩县的鸟类进行调查,根据植被特征划分出农田、居民区、灌丛、湿地和森林5个生境类型,共记录鸟类78种,隶属12目25科,其中属于国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类分别有1种、8种,属于中国特有种1种.鸟类群落的α多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)分别为3.075、0.410;β多样性分析表明:Jaccard相似性系数最高的是农田-居民区,为0.714,最低的是灌丛-湿地,为0.039.人为干扰影响鸟类多样性,提倡建立生态补偿机制.     

若尔盖高原湿地生物多样性现状及其保护对策

若尔盖高原沼泽湿地是我国湿地的重要代表类型和宝贵的湿地资源，这里分布着国家一级保护动物9种，国家二级保护动物41种，饲用植物1208种，隶属131科573属，其中湿地植物约200种，脊椎动物251种，隶属29目65科，许多各类具有重要的经济意义和科学研究价值。但近几年来，人类活动的频繁干扰，如泥炭开采、过度放牧而破坏植被，再加上本区气候因素的特殊性，局部地区已引起沙化，使本区的生物多样性减少。因此本区生物多样性保护工作亟待加强：(1)协调人类活动与生物多样性保护的关系；(2)严控载畜量，发展人工草场；(3)发挥本地优势，利用泥炭治沙；(4)建立湿地自然保护区；(5)加强湿地立法。     

北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区鸟类资源及其保护

2004年1月至12月，对北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区鸟类资源进行了调查，记录鸟类215种，结合他人工作共16目52科117属233种．其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类6种，Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类34种．旅鸟和夏候鸟构成本区鸟类的主体．春秋两季鸟类种类和数量均最多．鸭科为本区的优势科．区系组成以古北种为主．本文还对该保护区鸟类资源的保护和管理提出了建议、     

卡莎湖湿地鸟类群落组成及多样性分析

卡莎湖湿地鸟类共40种，隶属9目14科，多为夏候鸟和旅鸟，属国家I类保护种类3种，国家Ⅱ类保护种类2种，四川省重点保护种类3种，东洋界鸟类5种，古北界种类12种，广布型种类22种，特产种类1种，多样性指数4．5259，均匀性指数0．8504。     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗中部地区繁殖鸟类多样性

2020年6—7月、2021年4—7月,采用样点法,对内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗中部地区繁殖鸟类多样性进行了调查,并对该地区繁殖鸟类群落结构进了行分析,探讨了鸟类与生境之间的关系.结果表明：调查共记录鸟类96种,隶属12目30科.其中,夏候鸟85种,留鸟11种;国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种.湿地、草原和城郊3种生境中,湿地鸟类的丰富度、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最高,城郊鸟类的丰富度、Simpson多样性指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数最低.     

西安市灞河湿地鸟类多样性调查与保护价值研究

在划分生境类型的基础上,采用定点观察法和线路法,对西安市灞河湿地鸟类资源进行了调查分析.结果显示,灞河湿地鸟类资源丰富,共记录鸟类33种,隶属9目、13科.其中28种已列入国家林业局野生动物保护名录,2种列入陕西省重点保护动物名录,呈现出较高的物种多样性和保护价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to