汽车车身对壁正面碰撞安全性评价指标的研究

汽车碰撞安全性一般是通过法规试验来评价 ,对固定障壁正面碰撞中的评价指标为大脑的伤害指数、胸部加速度和大腿的作用力 这些指标反映了车身碰撞特性、乘员约束系统特性及两者间的匹配这三个方面的综合性能 通过分析提出了汽车车身对固定障壁正面碰撞安全性的评价指标 :加速度均值、加速度均方根、加速度峰值 ,并通过实例进行了验证 这些评价指标可以指导汽车车身的碰撞安全性设计     

汽车车身对壁正面碰撞安全性评价指标的研究

汽车碰撞安全性一般是通过法规试验来评价,对固定障壁正面碰撞中的评价指标为大脑的伤害指数、胸部加速度和大腿作用力,这些指标反映了车身碰撞特性、乘员约束系统特性及两者间的匹配这三个方面的综合性能,通过分析提出了汽车车身对固定障壁正面碰撞安全性的评价指标;加速度均值、加速度均方根、加速度峰值,并通过实例进行了验证,这些评价指标可以指导汽车车身的碰撞安全性设计。     

柱状碰撞实验及其装置的设计与研究

柱状碰撞交通事故在正面碰撞中占的比例较大,为提高汽车在此类碰撞事故中的被动安全性能．满足Euro—NCAP试验法规需要,提出对此开展柱状碰撞试验研究,在参照国内外相关研究的基础上和对实际汽车与柱状物碰撞事故的总结分析,针对实车试验方法、试验装置进行了设计研究．     

燃油车改制电动车后正面碰撞性能变化分析

在中国汽车市场由传统燃油车向新能源车的转变过程中,各车企开始着手研发电动车,大部分车企选择由传统燃油车改制为电动车,而改制电动汽车的碰撞安全显得尤为重要。本文研究了电动车开发过程中车辆改制前后正面碰撞性能的变化趋势,对原车及其改制车的正面碰撞主要性能指标进行了对比分析,并通过整车变形、速度及加速度变化,总结了传统燃油车改制电动车正面碰撞性能的主要影响因素及变化趋势,为今后开发电动车提供了借鉴和参考。同时,结合计算机辅助工程(CAE)仿真分析方法与试验,可以快速地验证电动车改制方案,确保电动车满足国家碰撞安全法规GB11551-2014《汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护》标准。     

吸能式转向系统在正面碰撞中运动响应模拟

通过非线性结构有限元方法 ,研究安装于某车型上的套筒式吸能转向系统在汽车正面碰撞过程中的响应及对乘员的保护作用 .建立了套筒式吸能转向系统的几何数学模型、解析数学模型以及计算模型 ,应用PAM -CRASH软件计算分析了该转向系统在胸块撞击下的受力情况 ,并与其台架试验结果进行比较 .满足一定精度后 ,将该套筒式吸能转向系统模型安装于整车计算模型 ,进行正面碰撞的模拟 ,以研究该套筒式吸能转向系统在汽车正面碰撞过程中的响应及其对乘员伤害的影响     

北斗星车碰撞安全研究

现阶段，国家对于汽车行业各类产品的要求是安全、环保和节能。随着《关于正面碰撞乘员保护的设计规则》于2002年7月1日的正式实施，未通过正面碰撞试验的汽车将不能进行生产和销售。为使汽车碰撞时产生的能量有效地得到吸收，在合理进行车身结构设计的基础上，提高昌河北斗星汽车碰撞安全性的有效途径有两条，其一：在方向盘和仪表板上配置安全气囊，以减轻碰撞发生时对前排乘员的伤害；其二：合理匹配乘员约束系统，包括座椅、安全带等，使乘员在发生碰撞时身体的各个部位参与均衡受力，防止个别部位伤害值超标。这样即使无须配置安全气囊，也可以达到满足现阶段国家法规规定的要求。     

N1类车型满足正碰法规的方法与研究

针对汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护,提出一种没有配置气囊的N1类车型的碰撞模型,包括车身加速度曲线和约束系统相关信息。从汽车的设计阶段到后期的生产制造工艺要求进行阐述,对车型的性能指标提出要求。样车经过碰撞试验验证,满足汽车正面碰撞的乘员保护(GB 11551—2014)的相关规定,保证了此模型的正确性。     

CH6353车车身的优化设计

随着我国碰撞安全法规的实施，我公司生产的CH1018型车不能满足国家安全法规的要求。为使我公司在低端汽车市场仍具备有竞争力的车型，通过对CH1018型车的车身和约束系统的改进，使我公司的面包车满足国家正面碰撞法规的要求。     

并行计算在轻型客车耐撞性改进中的应用

为了提高某平头轻型客车的耐撞性能,组建了网络集群并行计算系统,建立了整车有限元模型,针对正面碰撞做了大量并行计算,对该车进行了耐撞性改进设计。数值算例表明:在8结点机网络集群条件下,并行加速比为6.45,并行效率为80.6%,计算效率得到了显著提高。实车碰撞试验结果表明:改进后该车主梁变形量增加约68mm,测得的加速度峰值降低约1/3,达到中国正面碰撞安全法规CMVDR294的要求。     

车对车碰撞试验约束系统主观评价方法研究

以国内首次车对车小角度、小重叠率、高速碰撞试验为研究基础,综合运用车载高速摄像分析、传感器数据采集、车身变形量测量等技术手段,提出了一种车对车碰撞试验约束系统的主观评价方法。据此方法,对比研究了15,°轨道试验车和180,°轨道试验车的乘员约束系统在碰撞试验中的性能表现。结果表明,正、侧气囊(气帘)均需充分展开,试验车辆约束系统性能满足车对车碰撞的复杂工况要求;相较于子弹车,目标车受损更严重,约束系统表现更差。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.