反本质主义与艺术本质问题

本是针对艺术本质论的理论预设作批判性反思。经过反本质主义的洗礼,以传统本质主义的方式言说艺术本质问题被证明是死路;但是反本质主义矫枉过正,主张“艺术本质是一个假问题”,彻底否定任何理性抽象的必要性和可能性。通过对维特根斯坦的“家族相似”概念作扩展性研究, 同时与韦伯的“理想 类型”方法论相结合,超越本质主义与反本质主义的知性对立,张扬有限的理性主义立场,建构言说艺术本质 问题的新范式。     

反思本质思维如何进入文学认识

＂本质＂一词经历了从＂形成＂（from）到＂共相＂（universal）的变化,逐步接近现在的＂本质＂（essence）概念。反思本质思维如何进入对于文学的认识（理论）,也即是重新从源头上认识＂诗＂入＂哲学＂的过程。对于这一过程的考察给当今的＂反本质主义＂文学理论书写予以提醒：＂反本质主义＂并不是反掉事物的＂本质＂,也不是反＂本质主义＂。＂反本质主义＂思想来源具有多元性,应具体问题具体分析。     

克服本质主义:尼采与杜威

尼采与杜威都对导致本质主义的思辨方法采取否定的态度,力图加以克服。尼采认为哲学的文学化是哲学摆脱本质主义的出路,在杜威看来,应该是科学方法而不是哲学的文学化能够使哲学摆脱本质主义。虽然二者的观点互不一致,但是却表明哲学摆脱本质主义的途径在于恢复本质与人的生存固有的联系。     

主体空场：本质主义科学观质疑

文章以马克思实践范畴基本思想为指导,对本质主义科学观进行了全面审视,指出了本质主义科学观的错误在于在本体论上的形而上学预设性、在认识论上消解了认识主体、在价值观方面导致价值理性缺失。     

维特根斯坦的反本质主义哲学思想

从传统本质主义的缺陷、维特根斯坦的意义即用法、语言游戏论三个方面,来揭示维特根斯坦对本质主义的态度及其所引发的哲学思考。指出维特根斯坦从日常用法的角度对本质进行新的思考,认为对本质只能进行描述而不能进行解释。他将“本质”一词的用法从人们对绝对主义的渴望和冲动中解脱了出来,不仅扬弃了传统的本质观的危险性而且使本质概念获得了新生。     

逻辑主义与后现代学术态度

逻辑主义认为仅凭逻辑或一套操作性的认知程序即可把握真理,把握真理与道德、情感、欲望、境界等精神状态没有关系;认为确定性是最重要的认知目标.古希腊哲学和中国传统思想都不这么认为.后现代主义在对本质主义和基础主义的消解中也消解了逻辑主义.科学史本身表明,没有内在于科学中的诚,科学便无法发现知识.知识和学术繁荣离不开真诚、谦逊、包容等学术态度.     

概论科学主义与反科学主义

近一段时间 ,有关“科学主义”的争论很多。有人认为 ,在我国目前科学还很不发达的情况下 ,应该大力倡导科学主义。而另一些人则认为 ,科学主义是一个贬义词 ,应该回避和批判。科学主义是什么？反科学主义又是什么？在我国应该如何对待它们呢？对此 ,需要作一番深入的探析。一、科学主义的由来及发展科学主义（Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｍ）是一个外来词 ,在哲学文献中以许多不同的方式使用着。一些学者将科学主义与１９世纪科学家、哲学家对于科学方法的信念联系起来 ,这样的信念就是 :“科学是关于实在（ｒｅａｌｉｔｙ）的认识的唯一可靠来源。”…     

略论原始主义的生命理性情怀

一直以来,原始主义被视为非理性甚至是反理性的代名词。其实,原始主义是一种复杂的文化思潮,其精神内核在某种程度上蕴涵着生命的理性,它体现了生命的张扬,透析出理性的情怀。从古至今,许多著名思想家对原始主义的生命理性情怀有着独特而富有深度的阐释,这尤其在卢梭、康德等著名哲学家的思想中得到了体现。     

“五四”文学的阐释困境与动态阐释模式的形成

对"五四"文学的阐释有着较为明显的阶段性特征,初期的文学史研究者胡适、周作人、梁实秋等人以一种本质主义的思维方式分别展示了他们各自理念观照下的"五四"文学,而新中国成立之后很长一段时间的文学史则习惯于一种二元对立的思维方式,将"五四"文学放在资产阶级/无产阶级、进步/反动、理性/非理性、写实/抒情、民族主义/世界主义、启蒙/救亡等对立框架中进行考量,从而造成"五四"文学的阐释悖论。新时期以来,研究界渐渐摆脱之前那种本质主义的、二元对立的研究方式,吸取西方的非本质主义、主体间性哲学思想,尝试以关系思维的研究方法重新解读"五四"文学,从而最大限度地还原了"五四"文学的复杂与悖论性。     

数学哲学观的转变:从绝对主义到可谬主义

绝对主义数学哲学观认为数学对象是独立于人的思维的真实的、永恒的存在,数学知识是稳定的、不变的、可靠的真理。绝对主义在解释数学对象的实在性时不能自圆其说,基础主义的失败表明绝对主义的数学观有严重的缺陷。从数学知识的构成来看,数学知识具有不确定性,不是对真实现象的准确描述,而是人类思维的创造物。拉卡托斯提出了可谬主义的数学观。可谬主义与建构主义一起引起人们对数学知识性质的讨论,可以视为是对传统数学哲学观的重建。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.