CocorePdshell/C核壳型纳米粒子电催化氧还原性能

应用胶体粒子模板法制备不同壳层厚度的CocorePdshell纳米电催化剂。TEM、XRD和EDS证实,CocorePdshell纳米粒子基本为球形,面心立方晶型(fcc)Pd成功包覆在纳米金属Co的表面,其中,Co1Pd2纳米粒子平均直径约10 nm且粒径分布较窄。动电位、交流阻抗、循环伏安及原位傅里叶变换红外反射光谱等电化学测试结果表明:与Pd/C相比,CocorePdshell/C纳米粒子对氧还原反应(ORR)的活性有明显的提高,甚至接近于Pt/C;抗甲醇能力非常优异,对甲醇氧化几乎无活性;不同壳层厚度催化剂中,以Co1Pd2/C催化剂的活性最高,在0.5 mol/L H2SO4中氧还原峰电流密度可达175.5 mA/mg,比Pt/C的要高出20 mA/mg。     

碳载纳米Pt及纳米Pt—WO3电催化剂的制备与表征

通过电化学方法，在碳载体表面沉积了纳米Pt及纳米Pt—WO3表面电催化剂。运用循环伏安和扫描电子显微镜技术对催化剂电极进行了表征。结果表明：电沉积的碳载Pt电催化材料是粒度均匀的纳米颗粒。碳载Pt—WO3电催化材料是由纳米颗粒组成的柱状结构，直径均匀，定向平行排列，具有很大的比表面积。     

Pd掺杂方式对Pt/KL分子筛正己烷芳构化及抗硫性能的影响

以浸渍法和水热合成法向Pt/KL催化剂中掺杂金属Pd,对催化剂进行改性和表征,并在固定床微型反应装置上考察Pd掺杂方式对Pt/KL催化剂正己烷芳构化性能及抗硫性能的影响.结果表明:不同方式掺杂Pd对分子筛的晶体结构和孔径分布等影响较小,对催化剂表面酸碱性质的影响较大;浸渍法掺杂金属Pd较水热法更能提高Pt/KL催化剂的正己烷芳构化反应活性、芳烃选择性及抗硫性能.这是由于通过浸渍法制备催化剂Pt-Pd/KL中的Pd与Pt相互作用增强了催化剂的金属催化功能,使得其芳构化活性和抗硫性增强;通过水热法制备催化剂Pt/PdKL中的Pd增强了催化剂酸性,从而降低了催化剂芳构化活性和抗硫能力所致.     

Pt（Pd）／SAPO-11的正庚烷临氢异构化反应特性

研究了正庚烷在Pt（Pd）／SAPO-11催化剂上的临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明,在相同贵金属含量时,Pt／SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率高于Pd／SAPO-11催化剂。而且,Pt或Pd两种贵金属的含量对正庚烷临氢异构化反应性能的影响规律相似。正庚烷转化率随着贵金属含量的增加而增加;贵金属含量在0．1%-0．4％时,Pt（Pd）／SAPO-11两种催化剂的临氢异构化反应中,异构烷烃的选择性与转化率的关系曲线基本重合。最后根据产物分布提出了可能的反应网络。     

SnO2对氧还原催化剂(Ag,Pd,Pt)催化活性的增效研究

为进一步提高催化剂(Ag,Pd和Pt)对氧还原反应(ORR)的催化活性,通过原位还原法将催化剂选择性沉积在碳纳米管(CNTs)负载的SnO_2表面,制得相应复合催化剂,同时制备了将SnO_2溶解处理的催化剂以作比较.电化学测试结果显示,SnO_2可显著改善贵金属催化剂ORR催化活性,表明利用SnO_2提高表面负载金属催化剂ORR活性有普适意义.     

纳米Ni粉对肉桂醛选择性加氢反应性能研究

文章采用固相法合成纳米Ni粉,通过XRD、XPS、TEM、SEM和IR等测试手段对其结构进行了表征,并对纳米Ni粉进行掺杂贵金属Pt、Pd改性,以肉桂醛选择加氢反应为探针反应,考察催化剂的催化加氢性能。研究结果表明,固相法合成的纳米Ni粉为高纯度、粒径分布均匀的纳米颗粒,平均粒径为24 nm。对纳米Ni粉和改性的纳米Ni粉的催化加氢性能的考察结果显示,上述催化剂催化肉桂醛加氢反应的催化能力表现为:Pd掺杂的纳米Ni粉纳米Ni粉Pt掺杂的纳米Ni粉。     

γ-Al2O3负载的Pt,Pd催化剂上邻二甲苯的深度催化氧化

采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的Pt/γ-Al2O3,Pd/γ-Al2O3及Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3双金属催化剂并用于邻二甲苯的深度催化氧化.研究发现,在上述单金属催化剂中,Pd/γ-Al2O3的催化活性明显优于Pt/γ-Al2O3;将一定量的Pt添加到Pd/γ-Al2O3中形成Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3双金属催化体系时,目标污染物的转化率和二氧化碳的产率较单金属催化剂都有显著增加,表明贵金属Pt的添加对Pd/γ-Al2O3的活性有促进作用.同时发现,Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3具有良好的稳定性,是一种很好的深度催化氧化苯系污染物的催化剂.     

在碱性溶液中NiO增强Pt/C和Pd/C催化剂上乙二醇的电化学氧化

研究了乙二醇在1.0 mol/L KOH溶液中在Pt/C, Pt-NiO(质量比4∶1)/C, Pd/C和Pd-NiO(质量比4∶1)/C电极上电化学氧化活性.结果显示单纯Pd/C催化剂对乙二醇电化学氧化表现出非常低的活性,远远比不上Pt/C催化剂,但抗催化剂毒化能力好于Pt/C.经过氧化物增强后,Pt/C和Pd/C对乙二醇电化学氧化活性和抗毒化能力都得到大幅度提高,Pd-NiO(质量比4∶1)/C对乙二醇电化学氧化活性超过Pt/C.     

Ag/TiO2,Pd/TiO2和TiO2对庚烷的光催化氧化活性

用光沉积法制备Ag/TiO2和Pd/TiO2催化剂样品,然后用表面光电压谱(SPS)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对样品进行表征.以气态庚烷为反应体系,来比较上述两种催化剂的光催化活性.与纯TiO2比较,Ag和Pd的存在提高了TiO2的光催化活性;其原因可解释为金属Ag或Pd捕获电子,从而提高了电子-空穴对的分离效率;结果还表明与Pd/TiO2催化剂相比,Ag/TiO2表现出较高的光催化活性,这主要是Ag比Pd具有较强的捕获电子的能力.     

负载Pt催化剂在卤代硝基苯氢化反应中的催化性能研究

考察了常压、303K反应条件下，γ—Al2O3、TiO2和ZrO2上负载的铂催化剂在卤代硝基苯的氢化反应中的催化性能，同时考察了过渡金属(Cr，Mn，Fe，Co，Ni和Cu)改性Pt/ZrO2的催化性能．不同负载的铂催化剂加氢活性次序为：Pt／TiO2＞Pt／γ—Al2O3＞Pt/ZrO2，相应的对氯苯胺(p—CAN)选择性次序为：Pt／TiO2＞Pt／ZrO2＞Pt／γ—Al2O3．KBH4处理过的催化剂显示了较高的催化活性．Mn、Fe和Co的引入同时提高了Pt／ZrO2催化剂的催化活性和p—CAN选择性．PtNi／ZrO2催化剂随着Ni含量的增加，催化活性降低，但产物p—CAN的选择性都超过99％．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.