软段模型化合物对聚氨酯型固化电解质的影响

以聚氨酯、高氯酸钠盐和软段模型化合物为组合，制备了一系列的聚氨酯型聚合物固化电解质，利用红外光谱、差示扫描量热、复阻抗谱等手段对该体系进行了表征，结果表明，软段模型化合物对所研究的聚氨酯/软段模型化合物/高氯酸钠盐复合体系中离子-聚合物间相互作用，玻璃化转变温度、离子电导率均有显著的影响，软段模型化合物聚乙二醇(Mn=1000）的加入会引起体系玻璃化转变温度和离子迁移表观活化能的降低，导致聚氨酯硬段的聚集，随着体系中软段模型化合物含量的增加，该固体电解质的电导率相应增加，室温下最高可达10μS/cm。     

聚氨酯固体电解质的聚合物—离子相互作用及其导电作用

制备了一种结构类似于聚氨酯硬段的模型化合物,并以该模型化合物与聚氨酯和高氨酸钠盐复合,制备了一系列的聚氨酯型聚合物固体电解质,通过红外光谱和复阻抗谱分析方法对该体系的离子聚集形态、离子-聚合物相互作用进行了初步的探索,并对其离子导电性能进行了研究,结果表明,随着钠离子浓度的增加,钠离子优先与醚氧基发生络合,当其浓度达到较高水平后,转而主要与羰基发生络合;体系中盐浓度升高,自由离子和离子聚集体数目均有增加,该体系存在最佳盐程度,此时具有很高的离子导电性能,但电导率与温度关系不符合Arrhenius方程,硬段模型化合物的加入不利于体系的离子导电性能。     

聚氨酯／LiCF3SO3电解质体系的导电机理

利用FT-Raman、FT-IR和复数阻抗谱,对聚氧化乙烯聚氨酯/LiCF3SO3固体电解质样品中离子在聚合物电解质中的导电机理进行了研究,发现导电离子以自由离子、离子对和聚集体的形式存在于体系中,离子状态随盐浓度不同发生变化,自由离子比率随温度的上升而下降;对离子的存在状态与电导率之间的关系进行了研究,发现体系的电导率随自由离子的比率上升而变大;初步探讨了离子在体系中的导电机理;对Nernst-Einstein公式在聚合物电解质体系的应用做了校正,建立了合理的自由离子浓度和电导率的关系。     

聚氨酯/聚氧乙烯磺酸钠复合膜的导电性能

通过聚醚聚氨酯与聚氧乙烯磺酸钠共混制得了一系列单离子型聚合物固体电解质，运用红外光谱，Raman光谱，差示扫描量热法，交流复阻抗谱等多种手段对体系的形态，结构和性能进行了表征，结果表明，聚氧乙烯磺酸钠能同时起到离子源和增塑剂的作用，在所研究的范围内，增塑效果随着离子化低聚醚相对分子质量的增大而显著增加，在相同氧钠比情况下，PU／SPEO800体系的离子电导率最高，60℃下可达0．1μS／cm，并且该体系具有良好的成膜性和力学性能，是一种理想的聚合物固体电解质材料。     

聚氨酯／超支化聚醚／碱金属复合体系及其离子导电性

为了进一步提高聚氨酯/盐复合体系的离子电导率,合成了聚氧化乙烯聚氨酯（PEU）和超支化聚缩水甘油（HPG）,并与高氯酸锂掺杂得到聚氨酯固体电解质,样品成膜后利用红外光谱、DSC和复阻抗谱分析进行了表征,红外分析发现,随氧锂原子比[EO]/[Li]的减小,醚氧键的吸收峰发生红移、高氯酸根谱带则向高频方向移动、DSC和复阻抗谱分析表明该体系是非晶相材料,HPG的加入提高了聚氨酯体系的电导率,室温（20℃）下,[EO]/[Li]=4～6时其最佳电导率σ达到8.5μS/cm,该体系温度和电导率的关系既不完全符合Arrhenius方程,也不完全符合VTF方程,而是呈现为复杂的曲线关系,这可能与HPG的加入有关。     

聚氨酯/全氟端基星型聚合物固体电解质

用全氟端基星型聚合物与线形聚氨酯共混，掺入高氯酸锂制成聚合物固体电解质．并利用红外光谱、拉曼光谱、差热分析、扫描电镜、交流阻抗谱等测试方法对电解质体系的溶盐性能、热性能和导电性能进行了研究．全氟端基星型聚合物是由全氟辛酸酰氯在作为核的超支化聚缩水甘油表面接枝得到．结果表明，含有全氟端基星型聚合物的固体电解质有更好的溶盐和导电性能．     

电流型二氧化碳气体传感器件全固态电化学体系的研究

用聚丙烯腈、二甲亚砜和高氯酸四丁基铵制备了一种新型固体聚合物电解质。以恰当用量配比的ＰＡＮ－ＤＭＳＯ－ＴＡＢＰ聚合物电解质呈有高达１０＾－４Ｓ．ｃｍ＾－１的室温离子电导率和好的空间网状多孔结构,由基在金微电极上成膜构成的全固态电化学体系,在常温下对ＣＯ２气体有良好的电流响应特性。     

含氟聚合物对电解质电导率的影响

采用溶液浇铸的方法制备了以PEO LiClO4(聚氧乙烯高氯酸锂)为基质的共混聚合物膜.运用差热示差扫描热分析和交流阻抗的测试方法,研究了聚合物电解质电导率的影响因素.交流阻抗的测试结果显示,随着PVDF(偏氟乙烯)的加入,含有PEO LiClO4的聚合物电解质的离子电导率会随之下降,然而偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯共聚物P(VDF HFP)加入后,在适量范围内聚合物电解质的电导率会增加.当PEO∶P(VDF HFP)的质量分数为1∶0.5时,电导率(δ)最大,其值为2.3×10-4S/cm.DSC的测试结果表明,P(VDF HFP)的加入后,混合物的熔融温度和熔融峰热焓都会随之下降.研究表明对PEO的共混改性可以显著提高电解质电导率.     

聚氨酯/超支化聚醚硫酸盐单离子型固体电解质

将聚氧化乙烯聚氨酯（PEU）和超支化聚醚硫酸盐（SHPG－Na)共混制得了单离子型聚合物固体电解质，运用红外光谱，升温红外，Raman光谱和复阻抗谱等手段对其进行了表征，结果表明，该复合体系中的阳离子与醚氧原子发生络合作用并随盐浓度的增加而增强，温度对高盐浓度体系中的醚键和羰基与阳离子间的络合作用影响较大，而对低盐浓度体系的影响较小；在较低盐浓度时，SO3在体系中主要以自由离子和离子对的形式存在，当盐浓度较高时，除了自由离子和离子对，还出现了盐的集聚体；PEU／SHPG－Na(离子化程度为60％）的最佳配比为30％－40％（质量分数，即[EO]/[Na^ ]＝5－6），室温（25℃）下最高离子电导率σ＝3．1μS/cm，中等温度（60℃）下达到10^-5数量级，且电导率与温度的关系符合Arhenius方程。     

PAN基凝胶聚合物电解质超级电容器的研究

制备了PAN基凝胶聚合物电解质及PAN基凝胶聚合物超级电容器.采用交流阻抗法测量了凝胶聚合物电解质的离子电导率.采用交流阻抗、循环伏安、恒流充放电等测试方法研究了凝胶聚合物电解质超级电容器的性能,并对交流阻抗谱进行了模拟分析.结果表明,PAN基凝胶聚合物电解质的电导率在室温下可达7.54m s.cm-1,以活性炭为电极材料,内聚合的方式制备的PAN基凝胶聚合物电解质电容器的工作电压可达2.5V,内阻为8.92-12.6Ω.cm2,比容量达20.6 F/g(i=0.5 mA/cm2).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-