鼠李糖脂对生物淋滤除制革污泥中铬的影响

通过接种经生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂驯化培养的制革污泥土著混合硫杆菌,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对制革污泥中Cr溶出效果的影响;同时探讨不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对混合硫杆菌氧化硫能力影响。结果表明,投加0.5~1 g/L鼠李糖脂能促进混合硫杆菌氧化元素硫;并随着投加量的增加,元素硫的氧化率提高。在制革污泥生物淋滤中,鼠李糖脂最佳投加量是1.0 g/L,经过12 d的淋滤,镉的溶出率达到83.98%;而对照组Cr的溶出率为60.14%。     

鼠李糖脂气浮处理含油废水的研究

不同浓度的生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂在气浮过程中对单个气泡和气泡群特征有影响,因此利用高速摄像仪记录了气泡瞬时运动过程,并用图像分析软件分析了表面活性剂浓度对气泡上升速度和气泡尺寸分布的影响.结果表明,在一定浓度范围内表面活性剂的浓度越大,气泡上升的终端速度越小.并且表面活性剂的浓度到一定程度时,气泡上升的终端速度变化不大.加入生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂后,气泡的平均尺寸趋向于减小,气泡尺寸大小分布均一.气/水表面张力最低时,添加生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂的质量浓度为0.5 wt.％,并且在这个表面活性剂质量浓度下对含油废水利用生物絮凝剂壳聚糖进行气浮-絮凝实验,在pH为7,壳聚糖的投加量20 mL,气浮时间10 min下含油废水的COD去除率可达到90.39％.因而生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和生物絮凝剂壳聚糖处理含油废水切实可行,这对环境保护和人类的健康生存具有极其重要的意义.     

鼠李糖脂对两株木质素降解菌产酶能力的影响

研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对黄孢原毛平革菌、简青霉产木质素降解酶能力的影响．结果表明,鼠李糖脂对酶活性的影响与鼠李糖脂的浓度、投加形式、菌种及酶的种类有关．0．0065％的鼠李糖脂不同程度地促进了黄孢原毛平革菌产LiP,MnP,简青霉产LiP,漆酶,0．013％的鼠李糖脂可以促进黄孢产LiP,简青霉产漆酶,但却明显抑制了另外两种酶的活性;鼠李糖脂可以使简青霉产MnP的高峰期提前,但不能提高酶活性．通过影响产酶能力,鼠李糖脂使两株菌对木质素的降解率均高于对照样．此外,接种鼠李糖脂产生菌——铜绿假单胞菌的效果达到甚至超过添加鼠李糖脂的促进效果．     

生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸联合用于污泥重金属电动修复

选择城市污泥作为修复对象,通过添加槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂、皂角苷3种生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸复配溶液,从电流密度、排出液重金属浓度、试验后土体各区域重金属含量等角度,研究添加剂对重金属污染污泥电动修复的增强效果,从添加剂作用机理上进行分析,并从微观层面进行补充解释.试验结果表明:重金属的迁移主要发生在污泥中,排出液重金属浓度很低;阳极区处理效果最好,阴极次之,中部有重金属积聚效应;单独添加生物表面活性剂,在阳极区对Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd去除率最高的分别是槐糖脂(53.85%)、鼠李糖脂(44.26%)、鼠李糖脂(56.33%)、槐糖脂(34.43%);复配柠檬酸后,阳极重金属去除率相较于单独添加生物表面活性剂普遍可提升0.90%～16.08%,柠檬酸可显著改善中部重金属积聚效应.基于试验结论,在实际工程中对于Zn、Cd含量高的污泥推荐采用槐糖脂或配合使用柠檬酸,而对于Cu、Ni含量高的则推荐鼠李糖脂与柠檬酸的复配溶液.     

生物表面活性剂对沉积物中菲的解吸附和生物降解作用的影响

研究了阴离子型生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对海洋沉积物中多环芳烃的解吸附附和生物降解作用的影响,并与化学合成的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的作用相比较. 结果表明:2种表面活性剂在浓度高于有效临界胶束浓度时,均可大大增强菲的解吸附作用,鼠李糖脂比SDS更为有效.在降解体系中加入浓度适宜的表面活性剂可显著提高菲的降解率.当鼠李糖脂浓度高于500 mg/L,SDS浓度高于5 000 mg/L时,由于胶束相到水相的传质速率的限制,菲的生物降解率减小. 鼠李糖脂因胶束传质限制所引起的抑制作用明显低于SDS. 结果表明:在多环芳烃污染沉积物的生物修复过程中,鼠李糖脂比SDS更为有效.     

过硫酸钾-UMCT-叶蜡石改善污泥脱水性能

以毛细吸水时间(CST)和离心沉降比(SV)为污泥脱水性能指标,考察过硫酸钾、超声波微波组合技术(UMCT)、叶蜡石单因素以及三因素耦合改善污泥脱水性能的效果。根据单因素实验结果最佳值范围,用响应曲面方法(RSM)和方差分析获取三因素耦合的最佳值。结果表明,在污泥脱水最佳条件下,过硫酸钾投加量为0.15g/g、UMCT处理时间为12s、叶蜡石投加量为0.35g/g,SV和CST分别是32.5%和38.4s,与预测值基本吻合。此外,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、粒径分析和热重分析(TG-DTG)等手段进一步验证,提高了结论的可信度。     

微波耦合Fe~0/H_2O_2对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响

以污泥比阻(SRF)、泥饼含水率和毛细吸水时间(CST)作为参考指标,系统探讨了微波耦合Fe~0/H_2O_2(MW-Fe~0/H_2O_2)类芬顿反应中初始pH值、微波功率、反应时间、H_2O_2投加量与Fe~0投加量等因素对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响,并通过类比实验阐述了MW-Fe~0/H_2O_2改善污泥脱水性能的作用机理。结果表明:当初始pH值为3、微波功率为400 W、反应时间为150 s、H_2O_2投加量为90 mg/g、Fe~0投加量为60 mg/g时,污泥的脱水性能达到最佳,此时,SRF、泥饼含水率和CST分别降低了90.5%,15.5%和63.3%。污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)组分分析结果表明,紧密型胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)中蛋白质和糖类的减少与污泥脱水性能提高正相关。三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)显示,TB-EPS中溶解性微生物副产物和色氨酸类蛋白被氧化降解,有利于改善污泥的脱水性能。     

生物表面活性剂驱油性能

利用界面张力、乳化性能、润湿和驱油效率等测试手段研究槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂和脂肽3种类型生物表面活性剂的驱油性能.结果表明:生物表面活性剂油水界面张力为10-1 mN/m数量级,润湿指数为0.36,由于鼠李糖脂和脂肽同时具有较强的降界面张力和润湿反转性能,能大幅降低原油从岩石表面剥离的黏附功(黏附功下降幅度超过99.5％),...     

鼠李糖脂的复配驱油体系及现场试验

用鼠李糖脂复配体系对大庆油田采油七厂葡北三断块进行生物表面活性剂驱油技术研究及现场试验。结果表明:鼠李糖脂的复配驱油体系在有效质量分数(0.125%～1.0%)低而宽的范围内,与葡北油水之间的界面张力大幅下降(10-2mN/m数量级);在模拟油层渗透率的天然岩心上注入0.5VP(VP为孔隙体积)的鼠李糖脂复配驱油体系,采收率比水驱提高7.9%～9.3%;13个月驱油累积增油2014 t,平均单井增油224 t,日产油量由试验前的1.5t上升到1.85 t,含水率最低下降1.5%,投入产出比达到1∶2.4。     

表面活性剂对活性污泥脱水性能和机理的研究

通过对污泥含水率和胞外聚合物（EPS）含量的测定,考察了阳离子表面活性剂(CTAC)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,它们都有助于改善污泥的脱水性能,CPAM的最佳投药量为0.0106g/100mL污泥,表面活性剂投药量约为0.738g/100mL污泥,分别使污泥滤饼含水率降至80.28%,68.73%.为了进一步探讨表面活性剂对污泥的作用机理,实验通过观察表面活性剂处理前后污泥的电镜扫描照片（SEM）和粒径分布,发现经过表面活性剂处理的污泥原絮团被破坏,污泥表面呈网状结构;占体积分数90%的颗粒粒径都在52m以下,较原泥明显减小.实验表明,表面活性剂主要是通过破坏污泥结构释放内部结合水和溶出EPS来改善污泥脱水性能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.