生物表面活性剂对沉积物中菲的解吸附和生物降解作用的影响

研究了阴离子型生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对海洋沉积物中多环芳烃的解吸附附和生物降解作用的影响,并与化学合成的表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的作用相比较. 结果表明:2种表面活性剂在浓度高于有效临界胶束浓度时,均可大大增强菲的解吸附作用,鼠李糖脂比SDS更为有效.在降解体系中加入浓度适宜的表面活性剂可显著提高菲的降解率.当鼠李糖脂浓度高于500 mg/L,SDS浓度高于5 000 mg/L时,由于胶束相到水相的传质速率的限制,菲的生物降解率减小. 鼠李糖脂因胶束传质限制所引起的抑制作用明显低于SDS. 结果表明:在多环芳烃污染沉积物的生物修复过程中,鼠李糖脂比SDS更为有效.     

RL在液态培养条件及堆肥介质中的生物降解研究

为了研究生物表面活性剂的环境友好性,考察其应用于堆肥中是否会时堆肥产生二次污染,本实验自制了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂,考察其在液态培养条件及堆肥介质中的生物降解情况．实验结果表明：不同的微生物对鼠李糖脂有不同的降解效果,其源生菌铜绿假单胞菌没法降解鼠李糖脂,但鼠李糖脂对微生物都是无毒的．在堆肥基质中的降解表明其可以被降解,但不是优先降解物质,可见鼠李糖脂可在堆肥中起一定作用后被降解。     

生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂性质的研究

为探究鼠李糖脂用作生物表面活性剂的潜力,以铜绿假单胞菌1.10452发酵生产的鼠李糖脂为研究对象,利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用法(HPLC-MS)进行成分鉴定,并测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC)、乳化性、起泡性及抗菌活性.成分分析结果表明,该鼠李糖脂主要由9种同系物组成,且以双鼠李糖脂为主要成分.鼠李糖脂的临界胶束浓度为80...     

产生物表面活性剂石油降解菌筛选及特性研究

目的获得产高效生物表面活性剂的菌株,并判定表面活性剂的结构及探索其特性。方法通过从富油土壤中采用富集培养、血平板分离、排油活性等方法筛选高产表面活性剂菌株并鉴定;采用萃取和柱层析法提纯后HPLC-MS法分析产物结构并分析其理化性质。结果筛选出产生物表面活性剂高效菌BD-5,经鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌;所产生物表面活性剂为8种鼠李糖脂同系物的混合物;鼠李糖脂溶液对液体石蜡、柴油和甲苯都具有较强的乳化能力;当鼠李糖脂浓度高于临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,长链烷烃和多环芳烃在水相中的表观溶解度随鼠李糖脂浓度的增大而增大,摩尔增溶比(MSR)的变化关系为正十六烷>萘>菲>芘。结论 BD-5菌株产生的生物表面活性剂活性突出,有良好的应用前景。     

生物表面活性剂驱油性能

利用界面张力、乳化性能、润湿和驱油效率等测试手段研究槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂和脂肽3种类型生物表面活性剂的驱油性能.结果表明:生物表面活性剂油水界面张力为10-1 mN/m数量级,润湿指数为0.36,由于鼠李糖脂和脂肽同时具有较强的降界面张力和润湿反转性能,能大幅降低原油从岩石表面剥离的黏附功(黏附功下降幅度超过99.5％),...     

环流气浮分离技术在含Cu(Ⅱ)废水处理中的应用

采用环流气浮分离技术对含Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）废水的处理进行了实验研究。环流气浮塔体积为１．５Ｌ，采用气升式内循环操作，在塔底装有经特殊表面处理的微孔气体分布器以产生微小而均匀的气泡。采用ＦｅＣｌ３为絮凝剂，十二烷基硫酸纳（ＳＤＳ）为表面活性剂。考察了气速、ｐＨ、表面活性剂、絮凝剂浓度等因素对分离效果的影响规律，讨论了泡沫夹带对分离效果的影响，确定了最优的工艺条件，并对环流气浮塔和传统鼓泡塔进行对比研究。实验结果表明，在优化情况下，经１０～１５ｍｉｎ气浮后，铜离子的去除率可达９９％以上。     

生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸联合用于污泥重金属电动修复

选择城市污泥作为修复对象,通过添加槐糖脂、鼠李糖脂、皂角苷3种生物表面活性剂及其与柠檬酸复配溶液,从电流密度、排出液重金属浓度、试验后土体各区域重金属含量等角度,研究添加剂对重金属污染污泥电动修复的增强效果,从添加剂作用机理上进行分析,并从微观层面进行补充解释.试验结果表明:重金属的迁移主要发生在污泥中,排出液重金属浓度很低;阳极区处理效果最好,阴极次之,中部有重金属积聚效应;单独添加生物表面活性剂,在阳极区对Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd去除率最高的分别是槐糖脂(53.85%)、鼠李糖脂(44.26%)、鼠李糖脂(56.33%)、槐糖脂(34.43%);复配柠檬酸后,阳极重金属去除率相较于单独添加生物表面活性剂普遍可提升0.90%～16.08%,柠檬酸可显著改善中部重金属积聚效应.基于试验结论,在实际工程中对于Zn、Cd含量高的污泥推荐采用槐糖脂或配合使用柠檬酸,而对于Cu、Ni含量高的则推荐鼠李糖脂与柠檬酸的复配溶液.     

鼠李糖脂对两株木质素降解菌产酶能力的影响

研究了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂对黄孢原毛平革菌、简青霉产木质素降解酶能力的影响．结果表明,鼠李糖脂对酶活性的影响与鼠李糖脂的浓度、投加形式、菌种及酶的种类有关．0．0065％的鼠李糖脂不同程度地促进了黄孢原毛平革菌产LiP,MnP,简青霉产LiP,漆酶,0．013％的鼠李糖脂可以促进黄孢产LiP,简青霉产漆酶,但却明显抑制了另外两种酶的活性;鼠李糖脂可以使简青霉产MnP的高峰期提前,但不能提高酶活性．通过影响产酶能力,鼠李糖脂使两株菌对木质素的降解率均高于对照样．此外,接种鼠李糖脂产生菌——铜绿假单胞菌的效果达到甚至超过添加鼠李糖脂的促进效果．     

鼠李糖脂对萘、菲、芘三种物质增溶作用研究

实验通过改变温度、pH、盐度对生物表面活性剂溶液进行处理并改变其反应浓度,了解生物表面活性剂对多环芳烃类物质增溶的最佳浓度,以及温度、pH、盐度对其增溶效果的影响.结果表明:当鼠李糖脂浓度在临界胶束(CMC)以下时,多环芳烃类物质在水相中的溶解度变化较小;在临界胶束以上时,多环芳烃类物质在水相中的溶解度随表面活性剂浓度的增加而增大;当表面活性剂浓度为500 mg/L时,其溶解度最大.鼠李糖脂对萘、菲的增溶作用随温度的升高和盐度的增加而增大.随着pH的增大鼠李糖对萘的增溶作用在pH=4时为45.107 4 mg/L,菲的增溶作用在pH=5时为31.510 8 mg/L,均达到最大.     

鼠李糖脂对生物淋滤除制革污泥中铬的影响

通过接种经生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂驯化培养的制革污泥土著混合硫杆菌,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对制革污泥中Cr溶出效果的影响;同时探讨不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对混合硫杆菌氧化硫能力影响。结果表明,投加0.5~1 g/L鼠李糖脂能促进混合硫杆菌氧化元素硫;并随着投加量的增加,元素硫的氧化率提高。在制革污泥生物淋滤中,鼠李糖脂最佳投加量是1.0 g/L,经过12 d的淋滤,镉的溶出率达到83.98%;而对照组Cr的溶出率为60.14%。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.